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Question 1

What are huge two main mechanisms to maintain plasma osmolarity?

Answer 1

Sensation of thirstADH secretion

Question 2

Where does tend majority of water reabsorption take place?

Answer 2

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 3

What are thee effects of ADH on the body?

Answer 3

Increase Aquaporin expressionIncreases ion reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of henlé by having a positive effect on the NKCC2Increases urea absorption

Question 4

Where is ADH produced and stored?

Answer 4

Synthesised in the hypothalamus Stored in the posterior pituitary

Question 5

What hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary?

Answer 5

FSHLHACTHTSHGonadotrophinProlactin

Question 6

What hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary?

Answer 6

OxytocinADH

Question 7

Where are there receptors that detect changes in plasma osmolarity?

Answer 7

Osmoreceptors found in the hypothalamusSpecifically the Organum Vasculoum of the Laminae Terminalis (OVLT)

Question 8

Which of the physiological mechanisms is the first to be activated and why?

Answer 8

ADH secretion as it is more sensitive to changes in plasma osmolarity – sensitive to changes of 1%. Thirst is only activated when you are ~10% dehydrated

Question 9

What is a hallmark of the ascending limb of the loop of henlé?

Answer 9

It draws ions out of the nephron and is known as the diluting segment

Question 10

Why is urea important?

Answer 10

It is a major osmole and it’s reabsorption is increased to allow for more water to be reabsorbed.