Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 1 Rx > Deck 8 > Flashcards

Deck 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What degenerates in Wernicke Korsakoff?

A

(periventricular) anterior thalamus and mamillary bodies with microhemorrhages and gliosis in periventricular and periaquaductal gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of Wernicke?

A

Ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion from malnutrition/ alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vit B1 is cofactor for what?

A

a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, transketolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Damage to what area of brain would cause hemiballismus? What is the brake pedal of the brain?

A

Subthalamic nucleus- excites globus pallidus interna which inhibits nucleus with GABA. STN is inhibited by globus pallidus externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are three symptoms with normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Wet, wacky, wobbly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common causes of meningitis in 0-6?

A

Group B strep, Listeria, E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the oculomotor innervate?

A

Medial/ superior/ inferior rectus, inferior oblique and parasymp that dilate, levator palebra superioris (ptosis if damaged)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CN III palsy?

A

Down and out eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What organism can cause Bells palsy? Whats the name of the rash?

A

Borrelia burgdorgeri- Lyme’s disease transmitted by Ixodes. Causes erythema migrans rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the only inhibitory cells of cerebellum?

A

Cerebellar purkinje cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What medications can cause malignant hyperthermia? What Tx?

A

Halothane + Succinylcholine (mimicks Ach)- Tx: dantrolene sodium (blocks Ca release from sarcoplastmic reticulum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If you didn’t get your measles vaccine what neuro complication? What are the phases of this condition?

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis; Phase 1: dementia + personality changes. Phase 2: myoclonus. Phase 3-4: worsening dementia and deteorization of autonomic system with decorticate rigidity or flaccidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What chromosone in hereditary Wilsons?

A

Chrom 13- autosomal recessive. Sx: Kayser-Fleisher rings, neuro findings, low ceruploplasmin levels, incr. hepatic copper levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What med is used for prophalaxis of status epilepticus? SE?

A

Phenytoin: blocks sodium channels. SE: gingival hyperplasia, megalobl. Anemia, teratogenesis, SLE like symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is rabies spread?

A

Retrograde axonal transport. Negri bodies are seen (eosinophilic inclusions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What accompanies cluster headaches?

A

Lacrimation, rhinorrea, maybe horners syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three symptoms of pellagra? What amino acid not absorbed cuases similar symptoms?

A

(vit B3) 3d’s: dermatits, diarrhea, dementia….. Death; Tryptophan (niacin is derived from)

18
Q

What is hereditary condition of pellagra?

A

Hartnup dz: auto recessive- no absorption of neutral amino acids in proximal convuluted tubule

19
Q

What nerve ending is responsible for vibration sensation?

A

Pacinian corpuscle

20
Q

What nerve endings are discriminatory light touch?

A

Meissner and merkel

21
Q

What are Cowdry A bodies seen in?

A

VZV (shingles)

22
Q

What dementia has visual hallucinations, impaired visuospatial, falling, cognitive?

A

Dementia with Lewy bodies

23
Q

What origin do chromaffin cells (pheochromocytoma) come from?

A

Neural crest cells. Adrenal cortex comes from mesoderm

24
Q

What cell gets infected with HIV encephalitis? JC virus?

A

Microglia (macrophages). JC: oligodendrocytes

25
Q

Symptoms of PKU?

A

Intellectual disability if untreated, hypopigmentation, musty odor, eczema, hyperreflexia

26
Q

Mass in kid with elevated catecholamines, pseudorosettes around nerve?

A

Neuroblastoma (most common tumor of adrenal medulla but can happen anywhere along chain)

27
Q

What is protooncogene associated with neuroblastoma?

A

N-myc

28
Q

What is the mechanism of the virulence factor of tetanus?

A

Tetanospasm inhbits glycine release, and removes inhibitory effect of glycine causing muscle spasms

29
Q

What nerve passes through stylomastoid foramen?

A

VII- muscles of facial expression

30
Q

Pathology of myasthenia graves? How do you test to diagnose? What do you use?

A

Autoimmune attack of ACH receptors; Edrophonium: reversible inhibitor of ACHe (to increase ACH and temporarily improve strength)

31
Q

Where are the dopamine receptors of nigrostriatal pathway/ parkinsons?

A

Putaman and caudate

32
Q

Damage to what tract happens with syringomyelia?

A

(Enlargement of central canal of spine most commonly at C8-T1). Spinothalamic impinged at anterior white commissure with intact dorsal column. Can be associated with can occur with Arnold Chiari herniation

33
Q

What is damaged if someone can’t recognize faces (Prosopagnosia)?

A

R. inferior temporal lobe (R. fusiform gyrus)

34
Q

Describe lateral medullary syndrome/ Wallenberg/ post. Inferior cerebellar artery syndrome? What tracts in brain are affected?

A

Numbness/pain of ipsi face, numbness of contra limbs with no pain/ temp, diplopia, dyarthria, ipsilateral Horner syndrome; CN V, vestibular nuclei, nucleus ambiguus (palate/hoarse voice), spinothalamic, descending sympathetic fibers

35
Q

What tissue in CNS is from mesoderm?

A

Microglia, dura mater, connective tissue of PNS

36
Q

What are symptoms of meniere dz (ear) and what causes it?

A

Sensineural hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus. From increased volume in endolymphatic sac (incr production or decr excretion)

37
Q

What cell does MS affect?

A

Oligodendrocytes

38
Q

What is first line for absence seizures? Complications?

A

Ethosuxamide- associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (mouth ulcers, etc). Blocks T type calcium channel

39
Q

Symptoms for atropine overdose (anticholinergic)?

A

Mad as hatter, red as beet, blind as bat, hot as a hare, dry as a bone

40
Q

Tx for atropine overdose? Which one penetrates CNS?

A

Neostigmine & Physostigmine (CNS penetration)

Step 1 Rx (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions