Deck 8 Flashcards by Starfox 1

What degenerates in Wernicke Korsakoff?

(periventricular) anterior thalamus and mamillary bodies with microhemorrhages and gliosis in periventricular and periaquaductal gray matter

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Symptoms of Wernicke?

Ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion from malnutrition/ alcohol

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Vit B1 is cofactor for what?

a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, transketolase

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Damage to what area of brain would cause hemiballismus? What is the brake pedal of the brain?

Subthalamic nucleus- excites globus pallidus interna which inhibits nucleus with GABA. STN is inhibited by globus pallidus externa

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What are three symptoms with normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Wet, wacky, wobbly

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Most common causes of meningitis in 0-6?

Group B strep, Listeria, E. coli

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What does the oculomotor innervate?

Medial/ superior/ inferior rectus, inferior oblique and parasymp that dilate, levator palebra superioris (ptosis if damaged)

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CN III palsy?

Down and out eye

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What organism can cause Bells palsy? Whats the name of the rash?

Borrelia burgdorgeri- Lyme’s disease transmitted by Ixodes. Causes erythema migrans rash

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What are the only inhibitory cells of cerebellum?

Cerebellar purkinje cells

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What medications can cause malignant hyperthermia? What Tx?

Halothane + Succinylcholine (mimicks Ach)- Tx: dantrolene sodium (blocks Ca release from sarcoplastmic reticulum)

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If you didn’t get your measles vaccine what neuro complication? What are the phases of this condition?

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis; Phase 1: dementia + personality changes. Phase 2: myoclonus. Phase 3-4: worsening dementia and deteorization of autonomic system with decorticate rigidity or flaccidity

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What chromosone in hereditary Wilsons?

Chrom 13- autosomal recessive. Sx: Kayser-Fleisher rings, neuro findings, low ceruploplasmin levels, incr. hepatic copper levels

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What med is used for prophalaxis of status epilepticus? SE?

Phenytoin: blocks sodium channels. SE: gingival hyperplasia, megalobl. Anemia, teratogenesis, SLE like symptoms

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How is rabies spread?

Retrograde axonal transport. Negri bodies are seen (eosinophilic inclusions)

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What accompanies cluster headaches?

Lacrimation, rhinorrea, maybe horners syndrome

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What are the three symptoms of pellagra? What amino acid not absorbed cuases similar symptoms?

(vit B3) 3d’s: dermatits, diarrhea, dementia….. Death; Tryptophan (niacin is derived from)

What is hereditary condition of pellagra?

Hartnup dz: auto recessive- no absorption of neutral amino acids in proximal convuluted tubule

What nerve ending is responsible for vibration sensation?

Pacinian corpuscle

What nerve endings are discriminatory light touch?

Meissner and merkel

What are Cowdry A bodies seen in?

VZV (shingles)

What dementia has visual hallucinations, impaired visuospatial, falling, cognitive?

Dementia with Lewy bodies

What origin do chromaffin cells (pheochromocytoma) come from?

Neural crest cells. Adrenal cortex comes from mesoderm

What cell gets infected with HIV encephalitis? JC virus?

Microglia (macrophages). JC: oligodendrocytes

Symptoms of PKU?

Intellectual disability if untreated, hypopigmentation, musty odor, eczema, hyperreflexia

Mass in kid with elevated catecholamines, pseudorosettes around nerve?

Neuroblastoma (most common tumor of adrenal medulla but can happen anywhere along chain)

What is protooncogene associated with neuroblastoma?

N-myc

What is the mechanism of the virulence factor of tetanus?

Tetanospasm inhbits glycine release, and removes inhibitory effect of glycine causing muscle spasms

What nerve passes through stylomastoid foramen?

VII- muscles of facial expression

Pathology of myasthenia graves? How do you test to diagnose? What do you use?

Autoimmune attack of ACH receptors; Edrophonium: reversible inhibitor of ACHe (to increase ACH and temporarily improve strength)

Where are the dopamine receptors of nigrostriatal pathway/ parkinsons?

Putaman and caudate

Damage to what tract happens with syringomyelia?

(Enlargement of central canal of spine most commonly at C8-T1). Spinothalamic impinged at anterior white commissure with intact dorsal column. Can be associated with can occur with Arnold Chiari herniation

What is damaged if someone can't recognize faces (Prosopagnosia)?

R. inferior temporal lobe (R. fusiform gyrus)

Describe lateral medullary syndrome/ Wallenberg/ post. Inferior cerebellar artery syndrome? What tracts in brain are affected?

Numbness/pain of ipsi face, numbness of contra limbs with no pain/ temp, diplopia, dyarthria, ipsilateral Horner syndrome; CN V, vestibular nuclei, nucleus ambiguus (palate/hoarse voice), spinothalamic, descending sympathetic fibers

What tissue in CNS is from mesoderm?

Microglia, dura mater, connective tissue of PNS

What are symptoms of meniere dz (ear) and what causes it?

Sensineural hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus. From increased volume in endolymphatic sac (incr production or decr excretion)

What cell does MS affect?

Oligodendrocytes

What is first line for absence seizures? Complications?

Ethosuxamide- associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (mouth ulcers, etc). Blocks T type calcium channel

Symptoms for atropine overdose (anticholinergic)?

Mad as hatter, red as beet, blind as bat, hot as a hare, dry as a bone

Tx for atropine overdose? Which one penetrates CNS?

Neostigmine & Physostigmine (CNS penetration)