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Step 1 Rx > Deck 6 > Flashcards

Deck 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes high AFP in pregnant woman?

A

Neural tube defects

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2
Q

High BHCG?

A

Pregnant or molar pregnancy, Downs

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3
Q

Characteristics of kartagener syndrome?

A

anosmia, infertility, URIs, situs inversus (major organs are reversed). Defect in dynein of cilia

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4
Q

Characteristics of preeclampsia and complications?

A

Hypertension, proteinuria, edema after 24 weeks gestation. Also headache, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, abd pain, altered mentation. Complications = DIC, HELLP syndrome, ATN

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5
Q

Pregnant women bleeding?

A

Probably vasa previa or abruptio placentae. The first does not have pain. The second has risk factors of hypertension, cocaine use, trauma, cigarretes, fibroids, etc

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6
Q

What condition has ovarian tumor, ascites, and hydrothorax (pleural effusion)?

A

Meigs syndrome

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7
Q

What cycle do oovocytes stay in until ovulation? After ovulation?

A

Prophase I. Metaphase II

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8
Q

HELLP syndrome?

A

Hemolysis, Elevated Liver function tests, Low Platelets. = severe preeclampsia

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9
Q

What is McCune-Albright Syndrome?

A

triad of precocious puberty, café au lait spots, and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia caused by an activating mutation in the a subunit of a G-protein

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10
Q

What is deficient in Hirschprung disease? What can happen?

A

Auerbach and Meissner plexuses in large intestine. From neural crest. Can lead to congenital megacolon. Associated with downs syndrome

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11
Q

Where does splenic blood supply come from?

A

Splenic artery from celiac trunk

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12
Q

Whats a complication of acute pancreatitis? Chronic pancreatitis?

A

Acute: pancreatic pseudocyst. Chronic: pancreatic carcinoma

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13
Q

What meds do you use to treat C. diff?

A

Metronidazole or vanco with more severe cases

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14
Q

What is misoprostol used for?

A

Prostaglandin 1 analog. Used for NSAID ulcers, pain, abortifacient (avoid in pregnant women)

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15
Q

Diference between FAP and HNPCC?

A

FAP is mutation in tumor suppressor gene APC on chromosone 5 (5 letters = polyp). HNPCC is mutation in DNA repair genes MSH2, MLH1

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16
Q

Signs of wilson’s disease?

A

Extrapyramidal basal ganglion symptoms, Kayser-Fleisher rings in cornea, hepatic impairment, hemolytic anemia, low ceruplasmin. Type tube renal tubular acidosis (hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis)

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17
Q

Therapy for H. pylori?

A

Triple therapy of 2 antibiotics (MCAT: Metronidazole, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline) and 1 ppi (omeprazole)

18
Q

Infant that is lethargic and jaundice with increased unconjugated bilirubin…?

A

Criggler-Najar type 1. Defect in uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase. Causes kernicterus= bilirubin deposition in brain

19
Q

Mechanism of action of ranitidine (cimetidine, famotidine)?

A

Antagonists at H2 receptor on parietal cell to stop interaction with histadine. Inhibits Gs receptor

20
Q

Mechanism of action of omeprazole (lansoprazole)?

A

Blocks H+/K+ ATPase in parietal cells

21
Q

Another name for HNPCC? Inheritance?

A

Lynch. Autosomal dominant. Colorectal cancer or endometrial, ovarian, urinary tract, small intestine, stomach, biliary

22
Q

Which virus is transmitted mother to child that causes HCC (hepatic)?

A

Hep B

23
Q

What D2 receptor antagonist is used for gastric paresis/ antiemetic?

A

Metaclopramide: increases lower esophageal tone, contractility and motility

24
Q

What is deficient in pompe dz? What happens?

A

Defect in a-1,4-glucosidase (glycogen storage dz). Glycogen builds up. Causes myopathies like heart muscle thickening

25
Q

What causes Meckels diverticulum?

A

Failure of involution of vitelline duct (connects midgut lumen to yolk sac. Present with lower GI bleed, obstruction. Incr. risk of intususception or volvulus. Supplied by SMA. Ectopic gastric mucosa can be found.

26
Q

What is metocloporide used for? SE?

A

Gastroparesis. Is D2 antagonist that causes relaxation of pyloric. Extrapyramidal signs. Contraindicated in small bowel obstruction, hemorrhage, perforation

27
Q

Where is iron absorbed?

A

Duodenum

28
Q

Primary prevention? Secondary? Tertiary?

A

1- try to prevent from happening by modifying risk factors 2-prevent worse impact after it started 3- prevent furthing disabling of something permanent

29
Q

What causes cushing ulcer?

A

Increase ICP leads to vagal stimulation and incr. acid

30
Q

Actions of CCK?

A

Contaction of gallbladder to secrete, pancreatic enzyme secretion, decr. Gastric motility

31
Q

What syndrome causes inherited increase in conjugated bilirubin?

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome. = defective excretion. Auto recessive. Causes jaundice and black liver on histo vs. Rotor syndrome where liver looks normal but direct hyperbilirubinemia.

32
Q

Eosinophilia can be caused by what?

A

NAACP: Neoplasia, Allergic process, Asthma, Chronic adrenal insufficiency, Parasites

33
Q

What are the circular RNA viruses?

A

Dhey Are Balls: Deltavirus, Arenavirus, Bunyavirus

34
Q

What is seen on kidney biopsy of Wegeners?

A

Necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescent shaped scars

35
Q

What fetal structures make up the diaphragm?

A

Septum transversum, Pleuroperitoneal folds, Body wall, Dorsal mesentary of esophagus…. Several Body Parts Builds Diaphragm

36
Q

In strep pneumo pneumonia- can’t give penicillin bc allergy what else could you give?

A

Doxycyclin or macrolides- by binding 50s subunit

37
Q

What antibiotic require O2 for uptake into the cell and are therefor useless against anaerobes?

A

Aminoglycosides- need O2 for cytosolic and ribosomal uptake

38
Q

Side effects of amiodarone?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonitis, phtosensitivity, thyroid disorders, GI upset

39
Q

Hemoptysis and hematuria…. Differential? What is pathology of them?

A

Goodpastures or granulomatis with polyangitis. Goodpastures: antibodies to type IV collagen (basement membrane in alveoli and glomeruli. GP: ANCA antibodies within neutrophils

40
Q

What is A1 antitrypsin and what does it do?

A

Serine protease inhibitor. Inhibits neutrophil elastase in lung. Deficiency can lead to pan-acinar emphysema (base > apex). Also cirrhosis, skin problems

Step 1 Rx (10 decks)

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