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Step 1 Rx > Deck 2 > Flashcards

Deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Wernicke/ Korsakoff are from destruction to what brain structure?

A

Mamillary bodies. Thiamine deficiency. Korsakoff = inability to form new memories, confusion, ataxia, nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia

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2
Q

NF type one chromosone and signs?

A

Chromosone 17- autosomal dominant. Decreases activity of Ras. Cutaneous neurofibromas, café-au-lait spots, pheochromocytoma, lisch node (eye)

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3
Q

Distant hearts sounds indicative of what?

A

Tamponade. Can occur from ventricular wall rupture 3-14 days post-MI

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4
Q

Aschoff bodies?

A

focal areas of granulomatous inflammation from rheumatic fever

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5
Q

What are seen with sarcoidosis?

A

Hypercalcemia, non-caseating granulomas, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, incr. ACE

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6
Q

Smoker with hilar mass with cavitation and hypercalcemia?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma. Paraneoplastic syndrome = excessive PTH related peptide which can cause hypercalcemia leading to urolithiasis

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7
Q

Beck triad of cardiac tamonade?

A

Hypotension, incr. JVP, distant heart sounds

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8
Q

How does allopurinol work?

A

Blocks xanthine oxidase.

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9
Q

Where does gout occur

A

Fingersm, joints, achilles tendon, ears

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10
Q

TRAP symptoms of parkinsons?

A

Tremor, Rigidity, Akinesia, Postural instability

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11
Q

Parkinsons: Loss of what signal to where?

A

Loss if inhibitory dopamine from substantia nigra to putamen and excitation of inhibitory pathway in basal ganglia

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12
Q

Lyme disease stage II signs?

A

LMN paralysis of facial nerve (inability to close eye or seal corner of mouth) + new heart block. Treat with doxycyclin- SE of photosensitivity, GI, discoloration of teeth in kids

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13
Q

What is the name of lyme tick?

A

Ixodes

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14
Q

MS presentations?

A

Neurologic problems demyelinating plaques (can be transient). Depletion of myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. Increased immunoglobulin (IgG) in CSF

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15
Q

Optical property of gout crystals?

A

Negative birefringent crystals

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16
Q

Where do the branches of the trigeminal nerve exit skull?

A

SRO (standing room only)- superior orbital fissure, rotundum, ovale

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17
Q

Damage to left MLF would cause what? (medial longitudinal fasciculus)

A

Paralysis of left eye when gazing right

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18
Q

What nerve innervates intrinsic muscles of larynx? And what pharyngeal arch?

A

recurrent laryngeal off vagus. 6th. Results in hoarsness and trouble speaking

19
Q

What problem would you see from injury to muscles from 4th pharyngeal arch?

A

Difficulty swallowing, absent gag test

20
Q

What problem would you see from injury to muscles from 2nd pharyngeal arch? 1st?

A

Smile; chew

21
Q

What neuropeptide is deficient in narcoplepsy?

A

Orexin-A, Orexin-B produced in lateral hypothalamus to help regulate REM and sleep. 90% people can have cataplexy (loss of muscle tone to strong emotion). Treated with stimulants and SSRI’s

22
Q

Patient has normal speech and comprehension but can’t repeat back. Wheres the problem?

A

Conduction aphasia = arcuate fasciculus. Connects Broca (frontal) to Wernicke (temporoparietal)

23
Q

People with Downs are at increased risk of what?

A

Alzheimers, ALL, AML

24
Q

What medication can cause hepatic adenoma?

A

Oral contraceptives, anabolic steroids

25
Q

Symptoms of addisons?

A

isufficiency of adrenal cortex. Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, abd pain, weakness, weight loss, salt craving (hyponatremia), N/V, depression, women (loss of pubic hair/ libido. But not men because androgens are in testes)

26
Q

Patients who undergo splenectomy are more susceptible to encapsulated organisms like…?

A

Please SHINE my SKiS = pseudomonas, Strep pneumo, Haemophilus, Influenza, Neisseria, E coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, group b Strep

27
Q

Why give nitroprusside with heart failure?

A

Reduces afterload

28
Q

Chvosteks sign?

A

Tapping CN VII and seeing twitching- sign of hypocalcemia. Pancreatitis, hypoPTH, vitamin deficiency, CKD

29
Q

Medication for concurrent hypertension & BPH symptoms?

A

A1 antagonist like doxazosin

30
Q

What lab values do loop diuretics cause?

A

hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, mild hypochloremia

31
Q

What substance is a product of “wear and tear” and old age seen in histology and brown pigmented?

A

Lipofuscin

32
Q

How does digoxin work?

A

Block Na/K pump -> more sodium in cell -> more calcium released -> stronger contraction -> incr. ejection fraction. Also directly inhibits AV node and increases vagal tone -> decreased heart rate and greater filling time. SE = blurry yellow vision, N/V, diarrhea, arrythmia

33
Q

What are the essential amino acids? What two are needed during growth?

A

look it up. Arginine and histidine

34
Q

Indications for acute dialysis?

A

AEIOU: acidosis refractory to bicarbonate, electrolyte abnormalities refractory to medical intervention, Intoxication with some drugs, overload refractory to diuretics, Uremic symptoms (cardiac friction rub, altered mental status)

35
Q

Signs and symptoms of whipple disease

A

Weightloss, diarrhea, arthralgias, abd pain. Intestinal biopsy- shows PAS staining macrophages in lamina propria. Is gram + bacilli. Can exist in intestinal, lymphoreticular, CNS track from exposure to soil. Can occur with immunosuppresion.

36
Q

How does sensitivity affect positive/ negative predictive values?

A

Higher sensitivity = more false positives (lower PPV) and fewer false negatives (higher NPV)

37
Q

What is more common in small cell than large cell lung cancer?

A

SIADH (you’ll see lower sodium)

38
Q

What cancer are Kulchitsky cells found in?

A

small cell lung cancer

39
Q

Mnemonic for CML?

A

a 9 and 22 year old are in philadephia eating cream cheese with a breakable nibble (9:22, philadephia chromosone, CML, imatinib, BCL gene)

40
Q

Mnemonic for APL?

A

your in AP classes from ages 15-17, use vitamin A (all trans retinoid acid) for acne

41
Q

What is given with cyclophosphamide to neutralize urine metabolites and help with cystitis?

A

Mesna

42
Q

What is DIGFAST for Bipolar 1 disorder?

A

Distractibility, Irresponsibility, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, Activity/ psychomotor agitation, decreased Sleep, Talkativeness

43
Q

Bipolar II?

A

History of major depressive episode and hypomanic episode

Step 1 Rx (10 decks)

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