Deck 1 Flashcards by Starfox 1

R sided valvular lesions, watery diarrhea and flushing?

Carcinoid. Secretes 5-HIAA

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Macrocytic anemia with neuro problems?

Vit B12 (Folate deficiency doesn’t have neuro problems). Check pernicious anemia. LARGE GLOSSY TONGUE

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How do you distinguish folate/ B12 deficiency

In addition to neuro signs, B12 - elevation of both methylmalonic acid and homocysteine. Folate is only incr. homocysteine

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How do steroids act on hepatoreceptors?

Form hormone receptor complexes that are transported into nucleus and affect transcription

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Syndrome with urinary incontinence, ataxia, dementia?

Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Expansion of ventricles

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What does ondansetron do? How?

Anti emetic. Serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist

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What factors cause atypical chest pain in STEMI? What are atypical presentations

What factors cause atypical chest pain in STEMI? abd pain, light headedness, syncope, nausea, dyspnea only

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Muscle cramps and myoglobinuria?

McArdle dz. Deficiency of glycogen phosphorylase

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Drug of choice for Herpes virus, or other DNA meningitits viruses

Acyclovir

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What is the defect in MSUD?

a-ketoacid dehydrogenase. No branching AA like valine, leucine, isoleucine

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Abdominal pain, diarrhea, non-caseating granuloma in bowel?

Crohns

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Brain tumor with psammoma bodies

meningioma

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Brain tumor with fried egg appearance

oligodendroglioma

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Brain tumor with pseudopalisading cells

glioblastoma

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Brain tumor with Homer wright rosettes

medulloblastoma

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Brain tumor with perivascular rosettes

ependymoma

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Side effect of inhaled corticosteroid

Oral thrush

Down syndrome has higher risk of what blood disease

ALL (we ALL fall DOWN)- symptoms: fatigue, easy bruising, weight loss, fever

How do you know its obstructive jaundice?

Incr. Alk phosphatase, incr. bilirubin, decr. Urobilinogen (leads to dark urine, light (acholic) stools)

What damage can result from proximal humerus fracture

damage to axillary nerve - deltoid muscle atrophy (flattened shoulder)

Increased PTT and reduced ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation

von willebrand disease- deficient vWF: adhesion of collagen to platelets, and carrier molecule for factor VIII

Describe Chagas dz

myocarditis, achalasia, megacolon, megaureter. Transmitted by Triatoma bug

Presentation of leukocyte adhesion disease

No CD18. Umbilical cord stump, common infections, neutrophilia, can’t make pus

What chemo agent causes cardiotoxicity?

Doxorubicin. It is a DNA intercalater

At what percent occlusion is stable angina observed?

75%

What is side effect of drug used to treat AIDS radiculopathy (numbness, arreflexia, no urination)?

Ganciclovir- thrombocytopenia, neutopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, nephrotoxicity

What are signs of nephrotic syndrome?

Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in kids?

Minimal change disease- weight loss, edema, and nephrotic symptoms. Treat with steroids

What is Lambert Eaton syndrome?

Muscle weakness that improves w use (proximal/ face). Paraneoplastic problem with small cell lung carcinoma

Signs of EBV?

Fever, pharyngitis, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, circulating heterophile antibodies, hepatosplenomegaly

What cells does EBV infect?

B lymphocytes- membrane bound IgM to CD21

Warfarin acts on what clotting factors?

II, VII, IX, X, C, S (vit K dependent)

Whats the defect in hereditary spherocytosis?

Genes that code specialized membrane: spectrin, ankyrin, band 3, protein 4.2. Get trapped in spleen --> tx is splenectomy

What do you think of with old man, back pain, and incr. alk phos?

Metastatic cancer- more common than primary bone tumors. Often from prostate cancer

IBS- what happens and what medication?

Diarrhea with stress, relieved with defecation, normal labs - loperamide

Old women with new onset headaches and jaw pain?

Temporal arteritis- also fever, weightloss, scalp tenderness, vision loss. Elevated ESR. May also have polymyalgia rheumatica and pain in joints

Whats a pancoast tumor?

Lung carcinomas (non-small cell) at apex of lungs. Can compress cervical ganglion and cause Horners. Check shoulder pain and can go to C8-T2 distribution, upper extremity edema, smoking Hx.

Causes of left- right shunt?

Most common: VSD > ASD > PDA. Make machine like murmur. Are associated with "blue kids" vs. right>left "blue babies"

Lung cancer most commonly producing ectopic ACTH (cushing)?

Small cell lung carcinoma

Disease associated with HLA-B27 subtype?

PAIR: Psoriasis, Ankylosing spondylitis, IBS, Reiter syndrome