Deck 7 Flashcards
What kind of cancer is a pancoast tumor?
Squamous cell carcinoma. Less common = adeno and large cell
What medication blocks mast cells? How?
Cromolyn. Works on surface to inhibit degranulation. Prevents histamine/ other type 1 sensitivity release and also reduces release of inflammatory leukotrienes.
Characteristics of pathogen that often predisposes to subsequent bacterial pneumonia?
Influenza = enveloped, segmented ssRNA
What stain do you use for tuberculosis?
Ziehl Neelsen aka acid fast
What causes pink eye? Structure of organism?
Adenovirus. Naked, icosahedral, double-stranded linear DNA
What drug turns bodily fluids orange?
Rifampin. Metabolized by and induces P450
What should a mother take to prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
Glucocorticoids- speed production of surfactant
What causes lobar pneumonia?
Strep pneumo. Example findings: dullness to percussion, bronchial breath sounds, egophony
In tension pneumothorax, what direction does trachea go?
Away from injured side
What are signs of B agonist overdose?
Tremor, tachycardia, hypokalemia (catecholamines incr activity of Na/K ATPase pump and Na/K/2Cl co transporter)
How does acetazolamide help with altitude sickness?
Blocking carbonic anhydrase (converts bicarb to CO2 and H2O) you get HCO3 wasting and diuresis. Decreases swelling of brain and causes metabolic acidosis
Why can influenza cause pandemics?
Segmented- can exchange segments leading to antigenic shift and new hemaglutanin and neuramidase antigens
What abnormal labs are seen with legionella pneumonia? Why?
thrombocytopenia, elevated BUN and creatinine, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia. Abs cross react with ADAMTS13 (degrades vWF factor) so clots form and TTP develops. Incr. intravascular hemolysis increases BUN and creatinine. Kidney is affected reducing ability to reabsorb Na and P.
What diagnostic test do you do for legionella?
Culture on buffered charcoal yeast abstract
What are causes of bronchiolitis in <5 years and >5 years?
<5 = RSV, >5 = mycoplasma
Mechanism of action of RSV?
F protein (fusion proteins) cause membranes of nearby cells to fuse causing syncytia
What happens in cyanide poisoning?
Poisons cytochrome C electron transport chain. This increases anaerobic metabolism and lactic acidosis anion gap
What else should be given with isoniazid?
Pyroxidine (Vit B6). Drug depletes vitamin stores which is required to synthesis dopamine, epinephrine, NE. This is why one of toxicities is peripheral neuropathy
Side effects of isoniazid?
Hepatoxicity (like the other tuberculosis drugs) and joint pain, photosensitivity, facial rash- lupus like symptoms
Whats wrong in cystic fibrosis?
Abnormal folding of CTFR chloride channel. Usually deletion of phenylalanin F508
Histo of asbestos?
Ferruginous bodies- brown rod shaped bodies that stain with prussian blue. = asbestos rods ingested by macrophages coated with iron and calcium
What adaptations occur in high elevations after time?
Increased 2,3-DPG and your kidneys will make more EPO to synthesize more RBCs and increase carrying capacity
GRAIN mnemonic for sarcoidosis?
GRAIN: Globulinemia, Rheumatoid arthritis, ACE, Interstitial fibrosis, Noncaseating granulomas
What environmental risk can lead to goodpastures?
hydrocarbon solvents (from smoking or dry-cleaning industry
