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Step 1 Rx > Deck 7 > Flashcards

Deck 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of cancer is a pancoast tumor?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma. Less common = adeno and large cell

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2
Q

What medication blocks mast cells? How?

A

Cromolyn. Works on surface to inhibit degranulation. Prevents histamine/ other type 1 sensitivity release and also reduces release of inflammatory leukotrienes.

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3
Q

Characteristics of pathogen that often predisposes to subsequent bacterial pneumonia?

A

Influenza = enveloped, segmented ssRNA

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4
Q

What stain do you use for tuberculosis?

A

Ziehl Neelsen aka acid fast

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5
Q

What causes pink eye? Structure of organism?

A

Adenovirus. Naked, icosahedral, double-stranded linear DNA

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6
Q

What drug turns bodily fluids orange?

A

Rifampin. Metabolized by and induces P450

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7
Q

What should a mother take to prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Glucocorticoids- speed production of surfactant

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8
Q

What causes lobar pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumo. Example findings: dullness to percussion, bronchial breath sounds, egophony

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9
Q

In tension pneumothorax, what direction does trachea go?

A

Away from injured side

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10
Q

What are signs of B agonist overdose?

A

Tremor, tachycardia, hypokalemia (catecholamines incr activity of Na/K ATPase pump and Na/K/2Cl co transporter)

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11
Q

How does acetazolamide help with altitude sickness?

A

Blocking carbonic anhydrase (converts bicarb to CO2 and H2O) you get HCO3 wasting and diuresis. Decreases swelling of brain and causes metabolic acidosis

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12
Q

Why can influenza cause pandemics?

A

Segmented- can exchange segments leading to antigenic shift and new hemaglutanin and neuramidase antigens

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13
Q

What abnormal labs are seen with legionella pneumonia? Why?

A

thrombocytopenia, elevated BUN and creatinine, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia. Abs cross react with ADAMTS13 (degrades vWF factor) so clots form and TTP develops. Incr. intravascular hemolysis increases BUN and creatinine. Kidney is affected reducing ability to reabsorb Na and P.

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14
Q

What diagnostic test do you do for legionella?

A

Culture on buffered charcoal yeast abstract

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15
Q

What are causes of bronchiolitis in <5 years and >5 years?

A

<5 = RSV, >5 = mycoplasma

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16
Q

Mechanism of action of RSV?

A

F protein (fusion proteins) cause membranes of nearby cells to fuse causing syncytia

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17
Q

What happens in cyanide poisoning?

A

Poisons cytochrome C electron transport chain. This increases anaerobic metabolism and lactic acidosis anion gap

18
Q

What else should be given with isoniazid?

A

Pyroxidine (Vit B6). Drug depletes vitamin stores which is required to synthesis dopamine, epinephrine, NE. This is why one of toxicities is peripheral neuropathy

19
Q

Side effects of isoniazid?

A

Hepatoxicity (like the other tuberculosis drugs) and joint pain, photosensitivity, facial rash- lupus like symptoms

20
Q

Whats wrong in cystic fibrosis?

A

Abnormal folding of CTFR chloride channel. Usually deletion of phenylalanin F508

21
Q

Histo of asbestos?

A

Ferruginous bodies- brown rod shaped bodies that stain with prussian blue. = asbestos rods ingested by macrophages coated with iron and calcium

22
Q

What adaptations occur in high elevations after time?

A

Increased 2,3-DPG and your kidneys will make more EPO to synthesize more RBCs and increase carrying capacity

23
Q

GRAIN mnemonic for sarcoidosis?

A

GRAIN: Globulinemia, Rheumatoid arthritis, ACE, Interstitial fibrosis, Noncaseating granulomas

24
Q

What environmental risk can lead to goodpastures?

A

hydrocarbon solvents (from smoking or dry-cleaning industry

25
Q

What does theophylline do?

A

PDE inhibitor that prevents conversion of cAMP to adenosine monophosphate

26
Q

What effect do leukotrienes have on the lungs?

A

Leukotrienes C4, LTD4, and LTE4 are bronchoconstrictors. So use 5-lipoxygenase in asthma

27
Q

What three cephalosporins can be used for pseudomonas?

A

3rd gen: Cetfazidime, Cefoperazone. 4th gen: Cefepime

28
Q

What is wrong in polymyositis?

A

infiltrate of CD8 T lymphocytes and macrophages surround and destroy muscle. Presents with symmetric progressive muscle weakness

29
Q

What drugs inhibit reabsorption of uric acid in kidney?

A

Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone. More useful in acute gout attacks

30
Q

What’s it called when you can talk but can’t repeat? Where is problem?

A

Conduction aphasia- arcuate fasciculus (connects Wernicke to Brocas area). Would also cause hemiparesis of opposite side

31
Q

Whats wrong in age related hearing loss>

A

Degeneration of PROXIMAL hairs of organ of corti

32
Q

What meds for acute migraine and cluster headaches?

A

Serotonin agonists- triptans. Leads to vasoconstriction of cerebral and meningeal vessels

33
Q

Whats diagnosis with AIDS patient with non contrasting lesions in white matter?

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

34
Q

What meds helps with AZ dz?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor- donepezil

35
Q

Symptoms of NF1?

A

café spots, neurofibromas, Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas), skeletal abnormalities. Chrom 17

36
Q

Symptoms of NF2?

A

Bilateral acoustic schwannomas, juvenile cataracts, meningiomas, ependymomas. Chrom 22

37
Q

Symptoms of Patau?

A

Cleft lip, microphthalia (small eyes), polydactyly, focal skin defect of scalp, retardation, congenital heart dz, renal defects, holopronsecephaly, omphalocele. Chrom 13

38
Q

Deletion of 11p13?

A

WAGR= wilms tumor, aniridia, genital anomalies, retardation

39
Q

What causes cherry red spots?

A

Niemann Pick dz: deficiency in sphingomyelase and have hepatoSM OR Tay Sachs (no HSM)

40
Q

Symptoms of / what causes Fabry disease?

A

X linked recessive deficiency of a-galactosidase A which causes accumulation of ceramide trihexoside… leads to angiokeratomas, hypohydrosis, keratopathy, acroparesthesias… later develop renal, cardiac, cerebral disease

Step 1 Rx (10 decks)

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