Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ekg for cardiology fellows > deck 7 > Flashcards

deck 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 6 EKG findings associated with acute CNS disorder.

A

the mnemonic is PIPPI Long-stocking:

  • Precordial “cerebral T waves”
  • Ischemic ST changes (ischemia vs. injury)
  • Prominent U waves
  • Prolonged QTc
  • Infarct (Q waves, usually transient)
  • LA arrhythmia (Afib)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Criteria for prolonged QTc in females and males?

A

prolonged QT interval definition:

  • for males: QTc > 450 ms
  • for females: QTc > 460 ms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of acute CVAs are complicated by acute MI?

A

~5-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Irregularly-irregular narrow-complex rhythm w/ rate 210 bpm

A

think of Afib w/ bypass tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differential diagnosis of short PR interval? (2)

A
  1. short PR, (+) delta wave: WPW pattern
  2. short PR, (-) delta wave: junctional rhythm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Usual EKG pattern for pt who is post-pericardiotomy?

A

focal epicardial injury pattern

(regional concave-up ST elevations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the 5 EKG phases of QWMI and discuss their time-of-onset relative to coronary occlusion.

A
  1. hyperacute phase: hyperacute TWs* (0-15 mins)
  2. injury phase: STIP WITHOUT Q waves (seconds to minutes)
  3. acute MI: STIP + Q waves +/- TIRP (as early as 2 hours)
  4. recent MI: isoelectric ST + Q waves + TIRP (days)
  5. old MI: Q waves only [no TIRP, no STIP] (days)

key:

  • STIP = ST injury pattern
  • TIRP =T wave Ischemic Repol Pattern (biphasic TWs vs. TWIs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sinus bradycardia with ventricular rate of 35

A

think of sinoatrial exit block

  • sinus bradycardia with rate < 40 → think of 2:1 sinoatrial exit block
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 3 causes of a superiorally-directed P wave axis (negative p wave inferiorally).

A
  1. ectopic atrial rhythm (low atrial) → will have PR > 120 ms
  2. junctional rhythm w/ retrograde P wave activation → has PR < 120 ms
  3. lead displacement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Common cause of RAD in pt with potassium of 8.2?

A

LPFB

  • Hyperkalemia can cause transient LAFB or LPFB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Typical EKG changes for mild hyperkalemia (K+ = 5.5-6.5)? (3)

A
  • sinoatrial: none
  • AVN: none
  • HPS: reversible hemiblock
  • Ventricular: T wave peaking, QT shortening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Typical EKG changes seen in moderate-range hyperkalemia (K = 6.5-7.5)? (4)

A
  • sinoatrial: slowed atrial conduction (P wave flattening)
  • AVN: 1st deg AVB
  • HPS: non-specific IVCD
  • Ventricular: ST depressions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Progression of EKG changes that are found with profound hyperkalemia (K > 7.5)? (5)

A
  • atrial: sinus arrest* (manifested as complete P wave loss)
  • AVN: none
  • HPS: sine-wave IVCD -> AIVR vs. VT vs. VF (complete conducting system failure)
  • ventricular: ST elevations

*P wave loss may also be explained by complete failure of SA conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Arrhythmias that can arise in setting of hypokalemia? (5)

A
  • sinoatrial: PAT w/ exit block
  • AVN/HPS: 1st deg AVB, wenchebach
  • Ventricular arrhythmias: PVCs, VT/VF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name 5 typical ASD secundum EKG findings.

A

The 5 Rs:

  1. RV volume overload (incomplete RBBB)
  2. RAD
  3. RAE [1/3 of cases]
  4. Really long PR (1st deg AVB) [20% of cases]
  5. +/- RVH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which part of the QRS should be used to analyze the axis?

A

the first 60-80 milliseconds

17
Q

LAFB can masque which type of acute MI?

A

acute inferior wall MI

18
Q

LPFB can masque the presence of which syndrome?

A

Lateral wall STEMI

19
Q

Which type of rate-dependent bundle branch block is more common and why?

A

Rate-dependent RBBB

The right bundle takes longer to repolarize

20
Q

Most common cause of sinus pause?

A

blocked APC

21
Q

EKG criteria for sinus arrhythmia (SArr)? (2)

A

both of the following must be present to code SArr:

  1. “accordion effect”: phasic change in PP interval related to respiratory cycle
  2. “minimum PP differential” criterion: longest and shortest PP intervals should vary by AT LEAST 160 ms OR 10%
22
Q

Demand PM doesn’t fire during a 2-second pause on a rhythm strip, followed by resumption of normal V-pacing. Diagnosis and potential causes (3)?

A

dx = OVERSENSING

may be caused by:

  1. myopotential inhibition
  2. programming error (oversensing of the T-wave)
  3. lead fx
23
Q

EKG presentation of hypercalcemia? (3)

A
  1. h/o lung CA or multiple myeloma
  2. QTc shortening (due to ST segment truncation)
  3. PR prolongation

ekg for cardiology fellows (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions