Deck 12 Flashcards
Get That MONEY!!!
Pass and Advanced
- What does a destructive readout memory mean?
When data is read from memory, the stored data is extracted (removed) from memory and in the process the data is erased in the source. The work must be rewritten to the same storage location to restore it.
Pass and Advanced
- What does a non-destructive readout memory mean?
That the data is not destroyed in the reading process, meaning it can be read over and over again without being rewritten.
Pass and Advanced
- What is an example of a destructive readout Read/Write memory?
A core memory.
Pass and Advanced
- What is an example of a non-destructive readout Read/W rite memory?
A flip-Hop.
Pass and Advanced
- What is volatile memory?
Memory that loses its contents when the power is lost or interrupted from the source. A semiconductor memory is an example of volatile memory.
Pass and Advanced
- What is a large disadvantage of semiconductor storage?
It is a volatile memory.
Pass and Advanced
- What is nonvolatile memory?
Memory that does not lose its contents when power is lost. Core memory is an example of non-volatile memory.
Pass and Advanced
- Why is magnetic core storage considered nonvolatile?
Core storage stores data in the form of a magnetic field instead of an electric current such as in semiconductor storage.
Pass and Advanced
- What is bubble memory?
A very thin crystal made of semiconductor material that contains molecules that act as tiny magnets.
Pass and Advanced
2209, Why is bubble memory considered nonvolatile?
Since the molecules act as magnets, their polarity can be reversed allowing the storage of 1s or 0s in the magnetic field. (If power is lost, the data remains)
Pass and Advanced
- What is Read-Only Memory (ROM)?
Memory where permanently stored programs are placed by the manufacturer to perform routine tasks within the computer. (ROM cannot be changed by the user.)
Pass and Advanced
- What is Random-Access Memory (RAM)?
The working memory of the computer. Data can be read (retrieved) from or written (stored) into RAM. (Data in RAM can be changed by the user.)
Pass and Advanced
- What is Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM)?
ROM memory that is not programmed by the manufacturer but programmed by the user with a special device before use. Once the user programs the PROM it cannot be changed.
Pass and Advanced
- What is Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM)?
ROM memory that is not programmed by the manufacturer but programmed by the user with a special device before use. EPROMS can be erased by the user and reprogrammed with the latest release of a new program.
Pass and Advanced
- How are EPROMS erased?
By a burst of ultra-violet light. For this reason EPROMS should have a protective covering over the lens to avoid inadvertent corruption of erasure of the stored program.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the three levels of storage used in computers?
Internal, secondary and external storage.
Pass and Advanced
- What is internal storage?
Storage within the arithmetic unit (usually has limited capacity but is very fast).
Pass and Advanced
- What is secondary (auxiliary) storage?
Memory that is part of the computer system but is outside the main body of the CPU where programs and data are stored for future use.
Pass and Advanced
- Why is secondary storage considered nonvolatile?
retain data.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the three most commonly used secondary storage devices?
Magnetic disks, tapes, and drums.
Pass and Advanced
- What is external storage?
Punched cards and tapes, and magnetic tapes stored in files or cabinets. (Externally stored information is physically Secondary storage devices use magnetic fields instead of electrical current to store data so they don?t rely on power to separate from the computer.)
Pass and Advanced
- How is data stored on a disk?
In a number of invisible concentric circles called tracks.
Pass and Advanced
- What precedes each record on a disk?
A disk address.
Pass and Advanced
- How is the storage capacity of a disk determined?
By the bits per inch of track and the tracks per inch of surface.
Pass and Advanced
- How does a magnetic drum differ from a magnetic disk?
Drum tracks are assigned to channels that form a circular band around the drum where data is stored.
Pass and Advanced
- What are tracks grouped on each channel of a magnetic drum called?
Sectors.
Pass and Advanced
- What Navy instruction directs that all symbols used in flowcharts be standardized?
SECNAVINST 5233.1 series, DON Automated Data Systems Documentation Standards.
Pass and Advanced
- A What is the fundamental purpose of flowcharting (flow diagramming) used in the development process of a computer program?
To pictorially represent a step-by step procedural solution to a problem before actually writing the program computer instructions.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the 6 fundamental symbols used in flowcharts?
1) Processing, 2) decision, 3) input/output, 4) terminal, 5) flow lines, and 6) connector symbols. Each symbol corresponds to one of the functions of a computer and specifies the instn1ction(s) to be performed by the computer.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the most common graphic symbols used in flowcharts?
Plus/add (+)’, minus/subtract (-); multiply (*); and divide (/).
Pass and Advanced
- What are the two parts of the predicate contained within a programming instruction?
Command, or operation (it answers the question ?what?? and tells the computer what operation it is to perform such as read, print, and input), and the operand (it names the object of the operation and answers the question ?where??.)
Pass and Advanced
- What information may the operand (part 2 of the predicate) contain within a programming instruction?
The location of data to be processed, the location where results of processed data can be stored, and the location where the next instruction to be executed is found.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the five categories of computer instructions?
Input/Output (I/O), data movement, arithmetic, logic, and transfer of control.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the function of Input/Output instructions?
To communicate between I/0 devices and the central processor.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the function of data movement instructions?
For copying data from one storage location to another and for rearranging and changing of data elements in some prescribed manner.
Pass and Advanced
- What functions are arithmetic instructions used for?
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of numbers.
Pass and Advanced
- What computer instruction is common in all computers?
Arithmetic.
Pass and Advanced
- What do logic instructions allow for?
Comparison between variables, or between variables and constants.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the two types of transfer and control instructions?
Conditional and unconditional.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the function of conditional transfer and control instructions?
To branch or change the sequence of program control, depending on the outcome of the comparison. If the output of the comparison is true, control is transferred to a specific statement number, if it proves false, processing continues sequentially through the program.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the function of unconditional transfer and control instructions?
To change the sequence of program control to a specified program statement regardless of any condition.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the five general steps that a computer takes when executing a program?
Locales parameters and data necessary for the problem; transfers the parameters and data to the point of manipulation; performs manipulation according to certain rules of logic; stores results of manipulation in specific locations; and provides user with a useful output.
Pass and Advanced
- What are subroutines?
A group of routinely used instructions that are grouped together so that the main program can locate and initiate these instructions by the use of a few commands.
Pass and Advanced
- What are executive routines?
The instructions that control access to the various subroutines. They are a part of the main program.
Pass and Advanced
- What are addressable registers?
Any register whose contents can be accessed and altered under program control.
Pass and Advanced
- What is housekeeping?
Steps taken by a programmer to preserve the contents of addressable registers, unless they have no value.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the purpose of jump and return jump instructions?
To facilitate construction of executive routines and provide the computer with the ability to leave the sequential execution of the main program or executive routine, execute any subroutine, and then return to the main program.
Pass and Advanced
- What is program manipulation?
The sequence of procedures and events necessary to load and verify a computer program from initial start up through operation.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the three program initialization sequences that all computers use?
System Initialization (SI), Program Initialization (PI), Operator Initialization (OI).
Pass and Advanced
- What is System Initialization?
The step-by-step procedure used to power on and cheek equipment, peripherals, and necessary-devices before the actual program instructions/data is transferred into the computer.
Pass and Advanced
- What is Program Initialization?
A step-by-step procedure used to initialize, start, set, preset, or activate some conditions to transfer the program instructions/data from its stored medium into the computer.
Pass and Advanced
- What is Operational Initialization?
A step-by-step procedure used to start, run, or manipulate data to produce some type of output or response through the computer system and the sequence of events that allow continuous input, output, and manipulation of data.
Pass and Advanced
- When are Power Interrupts (PI) generated in a computer?
When the source of power falls below specifications and then returns to normal; when source power is lost; and when the computer set or cabinet is shut off.
Pass and Advanced
- When is an automatic Master Clear (MC) generated in a computer?
At a specific period after a PI occurs.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the purpose of the (MC) signal?
It is used for computer initialization after power has been applied. It is sent to all parts of the computer and will result in master clearing the CPU and I/O sections.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the purpose of the Stop signal?
To prevent any new memory references so memory data will not be lost should logic power be lost faster than a normal turn-off sequence (PI or MC) can occur. Generated when logic power goes out of tolerance and occurs whether or not a Pl signal is present.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the purpose of a maintenance program?
To provide a thorough and rapid method for the detection of failures in a specific portion of a computer.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the three main classes of maintenance programs?
Reliability, Diagnostic, and Utility programs.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the purpose of the Reliability and Diagnostic maintenance program?
To detect the existence of errors by checking as many computer circuits as possible.
Pass and Advanced
- What is a Compiler?
A program that takes certain commands and then writes, in a form the machine understands, the instructions necessary for a computer to execute these commands.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the primary advantage to using a Compiler for assembly of a computer program?
Its error diagnostic features which detect certain types of mistakes in the program,
Pass and Advanced
- What are bugs?
Errors caused by faulty logic and coding mistakes within a computer program.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the most common bugs found in computer programming?
Mistakes in coding punctuation, incorrect operation codes, transposed characters, keying errors and failure to provide a sequence of instructions (a program path) needed to process certain conditions.
Pass and Advanced
- What type of APL contains the equipments known LSSC but does not contain repair parts or repair part allowances?
A ?Bald APL”.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the GDAPL?
A bank of General Distribution APLs on CD Rom. It contains over 300,000 APLS and 8000 AELs consisting of FLSIP, MOD-FLSIP, and Conventional versions of APLS.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the purpose of the Master Repairable Item List (MRIL)?
It lists Navy-managed repairable items and provides guidelines for turn-in of repairable material.
Pass and Advanced
- What code on an APL might indicate that a part should not be replaced individually, and that the next higher assembly should be replaced?
The Source, Maintenance, and Recoverability (SM&R) Code.
Pass and Advanced
- What two digit code is used to supplement an NSN to provide visibility to designated items to ensure their technical integrity is maintained?
The Special Material Identification Code (SMIC).
Pass and Advanced
- Which Operational Report are annual updates to Mission Criticality Codes (MCC) derived from?
Casualty Reports (CASREPS).
Pass and Advanced
- How is the COSAL/COSBAL both a technical document and a supply document?
In that it provides nomenclature, operating characteristics, specifications, parts list, and other technical data pertaining to all installed equipment and machinery. It also provides nomenclature and characteristics of the equipage and tools required to operate and maintain the unit and its equipment.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the two primary purposes for the COSAL/COSBAL?
To identify repair parts (storeroom items) and to determine operating space allowances for equipage.
Pass and Advanced
- When will certain aviation components such as Aviation Supply Offices (ASOS) be included in the COSAL?
When specifically designated by higher authority.
Pass and Advanced
- What directive contains specific instructions for using the COSAL?
SPCCIN ST 4441.170 series, COSAL Use and Maintenance Manual.
Pass and Advanced
- What are the three Parts of a COSAL publication?
Part I contains indexes, Part II contains associated APLs and AELS, and Part I1] contains allowances and cross- reference data.
Pass and Advanced
- What is contained in COSAL Part I - Summary?
The Summary of Effective Allowance Parts/Equipage Lists (SOEAPL), which is a numerical listing of all APLs and AELs used to determine how many of each part is listed on the Stock Number Sequence List (SNSL).
Pass and Advanced
- What is contained in Part I - COSAL Index?
An index that identities the APLS and AELs associated with equipment installed on the ship.
Pass and Advanced
- What documents contain the bulk of information needed to repair an item covered by the COSAL?
The appropriate APL or AEL.
Pass and Advanced
- What is the proper way to identify the appropriate APL or AEL?
You must look up either the nomenclature of the equipment in Section A of the COSAL or the use that equipment in Section B.
Pass and Advanced
- What is an Allowance Parts List (APL)?
A technical document that lists the repair parts authorized to be kept on board a ship for a particular piece of equipment.
Pass and Advanced
- How are APLs listed in Part II of the COSAL?
Numerical sequence by identification number.