Debates Flashcards

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1
Q

define freewill

A

we have control and are able to choose how we behave in a given situation

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2
Q

define determinism

A

suggests that behaviour is caused by factors outside of our control (e.g. biological, environmental, social factors)

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3
Q

strengths of freewill

A
  • not socially sensitive as ppl feel they have control over their behaviour (Milgram)
  • useful as people can be held to account for the behaviours they carried out (Rosenhan)
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4
Q

weaknesses of freewill

A
  • difficult to prove an action is a result of freewill (Milgram - reasons why the 35% walked away down to determining factors stronger than situation)
  • unscientific just using freewill as a way to explain behaviour that can’t be explain in another way
  • socially sensitive as ppl may be uncomfortable being told they are responsible for how they act
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5
Q

strengths of determinism

A
  • scientific, controlled experiments establish cause and effect (Loftus and Palmer)
  • positive uses because we can ensure positive behaviour occurs again if we know what factors influence it (Chaney)
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6
Q

weaknesses of determinism

A
  • can be socially sensitive (Levine - findings could be insulting to Brazlians if reason they help is culture and not kindness)
  • reductionist as they tend to focus on single factors (Loftus and Palmer verbs)
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7
Q

define reductionism

A

behaviour can be explained as arising from a single factor or investigating the influence of one factor at a time to determine how it affects behaviour

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8
Q

strengths of reductionism

A
  • more scientific as it tests impact of a single factor at a time (Loftus and Palmer)
  • studies more replicable as procedures are highly controlled
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9
Q

weaknesses of reductionism

A
  • ignores other important influences on behaviour (Bandura - ignores boys higher levels of testosterone)
  • lack ecological validity due to highly controlled experiments (Loftus and Palmer)
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10
Q

define holism

A

suggesting that behaviour is complex and the result of a range of different factors interacting with each other

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11
Q

strengths of holsim

A
  • doesn’t limit explanations to a single area and considers different explanations (Piliavin)
  • gives a more complete explanation of complex behaviours
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12
Q

weaknesses of holism

A
  • can be difficult to see which factor is having the most effect (Simons and Chabris)
  • can only be verified by testing each factor one-by-one to confirm they all play a part in explaining behaviour in question
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13
Q

define ethical considerations

A

the degree to which research should follow the ethical guidelines or if it’s ever right to break these guidelines in order to collect worthwhile, valid data in research

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14
Q

strengths of ethical considerations

A
  • researchers are likely to get other participants for research in the furture if they can see that particpants are treated well (Kohlberg)
  • it enhances the repuation of psychology as a academic discipline
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15
Q

weaknesses of ethical considerations

A
  • sampling bias can be a problem if participants are able to withdraw - left with a sample unrepresentative (Kohlberg)
  • can reduce validity of research if participants know the aim of a study (Milgram had to deceive ppts)
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16
Q

define socially sensitive research

A

research is socially sensitive if it could have negative consequences either for those studied or for those that they represent

17
Q

strengths of socially sensitive research

A
  • can answer important questions that improve our understanding of human behaviour (Milgram)
  • can lead to practical applications that can improve the quality of people’s lives (Bandura)
  • can lead to treatments for people with mental disorders
18
Q

weaknesses of socially sensitive research

A
  • could lead to ppl beyond study being veiwed negatively (Gould/Yerkes)
  • could be used for negative purposes - manipulative employer (Loftus and Palmer)