ddt 22 Flashcards
the stages of plasmodium falciparum in blood smears
normal red blood cells –> trophozoites –> schoizonts ( is ruptured schoizants merotzites ) –> mature macro and microgamotcyts
— is the most widespread and found common in parts of north Europe
platinum vivix
plasmodium vivix is spread — accounts for —% of the malaria cases and it causes —-
symptoms can be — but can be deliblting
untreated may persist for five years
remains in the liver
- mosquitos
- 43%
- bengin tertian 1 , 3, 5,7 days every 48 hours
- mild
plasmodium malaria causes — and the fever takes — symptoms are —- and is only – % of the cases
if untreated it persist for –
- bengin quatarn
- 72 hours
- benign but can cause nephrotic syndrome in children at 5 years peak
- 7%
- 40 years
the least common type of malaria parasite, rare , less than 1%
plasmodium ovale
plasmodium oval causes — and the speficifc natural vector has not be sepified
-ovale bengin tertian
and relapses may occur
– is malignant tertian malaria
plasmodium falciparum
is 50% of the cases
plasmodium falciparum
plasmodium falciparum is widespread at —- and the parasitised red blood cells have —– which sticks in the blood capillaries causing obstruction, thrombosis , and local ischaemia
50% , projection knobs
severe and fatal complication can results in cerebral malaria and blackwater fever in — plasmodium
plasmodium falciparum
plasmodium falciparum has no —- as a result —- occur , attacks takes 36 hours to overlap
- secondary exoerthoyic
- relapses doesn’t occur
malaria control in the past includes:
- control primarily depends on the elimination of mosquito breeding places.
This involves water drainage programmes, covering wells, etc.
Spraying inside of houses with insecticides to kill adults.
Personal protection - the use of repellents, screens, netting.
Treatment of infected individuals to remove reservoir.Costly eradication projects, WHO programme 1955-1970 using DDT and other insecticides - programme ended in failure and was officially scaled-down to one of control.
Failed due to an underestimation of the complexity of the problem especially the biology of the vector.
malaria control in the present
Long lasting insecticide-treated nets
Indoor residual spraying
Intermittent presumptive treatment of malaria in infants, young children and those attending school
Intermittent presumptive treatment for pregnant women
Access to effective treatment for children with a fever
Capacity to detect, prepare and respond to early warnings for epidemics
Education and communication
is the drug of choice during acute attack.
- it attacks the erythrocytic forms preventing DNA synthesis.
Chloroquine (Avloclor)
A serious problem has developed of drug resistance by P. falciparum- —- is used
Pyrimethamine (Fansidar)
