ddt 18 Flashcards
the history of HIV
- HIV stands for Simian immunodeficiency virus
- SIM virus mutated and infected humans
- the viral ancestors of HIV-2 that causes AIDS in humans is a strain in SIM from chimpanzee colonies in south east Cameroon
- SIV to HIV from chimp to humans due to environmental pressure or genetic mutation
the two types of HIVS
HIV-1: most common, strains M N O , from chimpanzees aka related to SIVcpz
HIV-2: strains A B , related to Scotty monkeys aka SIVmm
HIV is an — transmitted by bodily fluids like
- STD
- blood, semen, saliva to a lesser degree
- can be also spread from: childbirth, breastfeeding, contact w/ infected blood
-. Without medication, it may take years beforeHIVweakens your immune system to the point that you haveAIDS.
There’s no cure forHIV/AIDS, but medications can dramatically slow the progression of the disease. These drugs have reducedAIDSdeaths in many developed nations.
is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system,HIVinterferes with your body’s ability to fight infection and disease.
AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome )
is HIV retrovirus or contains dna and invades and destroys — released by —
- retrovirus w/ rna nucleic acid
-rna-dna-dna replication - destroy and invades the T cell
- released by budding
once infected w. his need to convert its — using —- into —-
- rna
- reverse transpitase
- dna
it then incopreates into the dna of the hosts cell
HIV contains:
- viral rna
- reverse transiptase
- intergase
- protease
- docking glycoprotein GP120
HIV propagation stage:
1- attachment:involves the interaction of the virion with specific ‘receptor sites’ on the surface of the host cell
2- penetration: viral particle is taken into the cell; this sometimes involves endocytosis and the subsequent appearance of endosomes in the cel
3- uncoating:the separation of the viral nucleic acid from the capsid [the virus is now non-infective]
4- reverse transcription: from rna to dna using reverse transcriptase
5- eclipse/ replication:viral DNA particles present as small non-infective subunits within the host cell; Polymerase insertion and ligase enzymes active
intense synthesis of viral components. Protein and RNA
6- assembly:
newly synthesized viral genomes and capsid proteins come together to form new viruses
7- release: hiv is enveloped virus leave the host cell by budding process resembling exocytosis
early infection of HIV begins in —- and the — cells become infected and most will be destroyed within —
-lymph nodes , t-cells , 2 weeks
-Latent period develops (chronic stage infection) low viral replication
Threshold breached to develop AIDS
HIV trasmissione can be transmitted through the body fluids in very specific ways:
- during sexual contact
- during pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding:
mothers body fluids including the amniotic fluids and blood through childbirth. - injection substance use infected needles
- blood transfusion w/ infected blood or organ transplant
- occupational exposure: healthcare worker
HIV control:
- protease inhibitor: blocks viral enzyme protease results in viral copies that can’t infect new cells
-AZT (azidothymidine) Inhibits reverse transcriptase
Crosses blood brain barrier
Blocks RNA conversion to DNA thus prevents replication
Prone to evasion by mutated viral strains
( treatment however is expensive , more than 50 vaccine have been developed )
HIV prevention
- educational programs
- practice safe sex
- use condoms
- sterile needles
- screening and treatment for other STD
- substance abuse screening
- prevention programs
Main symptoms of AIDS
-neurological: encephalitis, meningitis
- eyes: retinitis
- lungs: penmocytis
- skin: tumor, capos disease
- GI: chronic diharrea, tumour, esophatis
Atrophy: AIDS was also known as
slims disease
Without an effective immune system the body is susceptible to
fatality by opportunistic infections such as Kaposi’s sarcoma caused by human herpesvirus
