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dd 3 Flashcards

1
Q

John Keegan

A

Historian who described Japan as “not sell[ing] themselves or their
society” for western modernity

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2
Q

Joe Rosenthal

A

American photographer who captured the flag-raising on Mount

Suribachi in February 1945

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3
Q

Joachim von Ribbentrop

A

Defendant in the Nuremberg trials

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4
Q

James Doolittle

A

American Lieutenant Colonel; led the bombing raid on Tokyo in April
1942

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5
Q

Jack Fletcher

A

American admiral; led fleet in the Battle of Midway

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6
Q

J. Robert Oppenheimer

A

Civilian leader of the Manhattan Project to develop an atomic bomb

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7
Q

Iwane Matsui

A

Japanese general; part of the 1937 invasion of Nanking

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8
Q

Houston Stewart

Chamberlain

A

British Social Darwinist; son-in-law of Richard Wagner; wrote The
Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899) arguing for Aryan racial
superiority

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9
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

Leader of the Viet Minh independence movement

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10
Q

Hirohito

A

Japanese emperor; announced Japanese surrender following the
atomic bombings; given blanket exemption from prosecution prior to
the Tokyo War Crimes Trial

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11
Q

Hideki Tojo

A

Militarist Japanese war minister; became Prime Minister on October
16, 1941 and convened Imperial Conference to determine plans for
war on the United States

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12
Q

Henri Phillipe Petain

A

Famous French general during World War I; took command of the
French government following the German invasion and cooperated
with the occupiers in the administration of Vichy France

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13
Q

Henri Giraud

A

Free French general in Algeria with whom the Allies cooperated prior
to Operation Torch

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14
Q

Heinrich Himmler

A

Head of the SS and Gestapo

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15
Q

Harry Truman

A

American president; succeeded Roosevelt on April 12, 1945; approved
use of nuclear weapons against Japan

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16
Q

Harlan Fiske Stone

A

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who criticized the Nuremberg trials
as victor’s justice

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17
Q

Gustav Bauer

A

Successor of Philipp Scheidemann who signed the Treaty of Versailles

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18
Q

Gerd von Rundstedt

A

Commander of German forces on the western front; supported

holding back until Allies had come ashore in the 1944 invasion

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19
Q

Georges Clemenceau

A

French prime minister; participated in Versailles peace conference in
1919

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20
Q

George Patton

A

American military commander who first rose to prominence during
the Operation Torch landings; took over American ground forces in
North Africa following the battle of Kasserine Pass

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21
Q

George Kennan

A

American diplomat; author of the Long Telegram advocating the
policy of containment

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22
Q

George C. Marshall

A

American Army Chief-of-Staff; argued for an immediate invasion of
Europe in July 1942 but was overruled by Roosevelt and British military
leaders

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23
Q

Gar Alperovitz

A

Historian who argued that the American atomic bombing of Japan
served as a warning to the Soviet Union more than to Japan

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24
Q

Galeazzo Ciano

A

Italian representative who signed the Tripartite pact

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25
Franklin D Roosevelt
Only American president to serve three terms; brought United States into World War II; approved development of nuclear weapons; died shortly prior to the Potsdam Conference
26
François Darlan
Vichy French admiral and commander of forces in Algeria; agreed to armistice with Allied forces following the Operation Torch landings
27
Francisco Franco
Conservative military general who led a coup against the Spanish Republic, starting the Spanish Civil War
28
Erwin Rommel
German commander involved in the invasion of France; led the Afrika Korps from 1941 and later oversaw the defense of the French coast from Allied reinvasion
29
Ernest King
American admiral; chief of naval operations; fought for Japan-first strategy in World War II
30
Edouard Daladier
French Prime Minister who participated in the 1938 Munich Conference; resigned during the Winter War over his government’s handling of the conflict
31
Dwight Eisenhower
American general; overall commander of the Operation Torch | landings and later D-Day invasions
32
Douglas MacArthur
Commander of American defense in the Philippines; Supreme Allied Commander in the occupation of Japan; oversaw post-war tribunals and reconstruction of Japan
33
David Lloyd George
British prime minister; participated in post-World War I peace conference in 1919
34
Curtis LeMay
XX Bomber Command leader from mid-1944
35
Cordell Hull
American secretary of state; negotiated with Nomura Kichisaburo in failed effort to avoid war in the Pacific
36
Clement Attlee
Prime Minister of Great Britain succeeding Winston Churchill in 1945
37
Chuichi Nagumo
Japanese admiral; commanded four heavy carriers in Battle of Midway
38
Chiang Kai-Shek
Nationalist leader of China; bore the brunt of Japanese attacks during World War II; defeated in Chinese Civil War and fled to Taiwan
39
Chester Nimitz
American admiral; commanded Pacific fleet and Allied offensives in the Pacific after 1943
40
Charles de Gaulle
Leader of the Free French forces
41
Chang Hsueh-Liang
Manchurian warlord who effectively controlled the region outside of Chiang Kai-Shek's sphere of influence; deposed by Japan in 1931
42
Bernard Law Montgomery
British commander nicknamed “Monty”; appointed head of British forces in Egypt in 1942 and won the Second Battle of El Alamein
43
Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator of Italy; took power in the March on Rome; arrested and replaced as prime minister on July 25, 1943 following Allied invasion of Egypt
44
Bao Dai
Puppet emperor of Vietnam backed by American advisors in South Vietnam
45
Arthur Seys-Inquart
Interim chancellor of Austria who succeeded Schuschnigg to pave the way for a complete German annexation of the country
46
Arthur Balfour
British Foreign Secretary; wrote 1917 letter to British Zionist implying support for a Jewish state in Palestine
47
Anton Drexler
German locksmith who founded the German Workers Party in January 1919
48
Alfred Jodl
Defendant in the Nuremberg trials
49
Alfred Dreyfus
Jewish French army captain falsely convicted in 1894 for spying for Germany; further charged with falsifying evidence in 1896
50
Albert Speer
Defendant in the Nuremberg trials
51
Winter War
Soviet invasion of Finland in 1939 following the Finnish government's refusal to concede border territory
52
Warsaw Uprising
Polish Home Army revolt in August 1944 launched in expectation of the Soviet liberation of Warsaw
53
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Jewish uprising against German deportations to Treblinka; crushed by April 1943 and resulted in deportation or massacre of 56,000
54
Wannsee Conference
January 1942 Nazi conference outlining the Final Solution
55
Trinity Test
First successful atomic bomb detonation on July 16, 1945 at | Alamogordo
56
Trident Conference
May 1943 meeting in Washington, D.C.; finalized Operation Husky and fixed May 1, 1944 as the invasion date for France
57
Spanish Civil War
Civil war between conservative general Francisco Franco and republican Spanish government; saw intervention of Soviet Union, Italy, and Germany
58
Sitzkrieg
phoney war
59
Show trials
Series of rigged political tribunals held for 1936 to 1938 to persecute political opponents of Stalin; sentenced 680,000 to death and many more to imprisonment in prison camps
60
Second Battle of El | Alamein
British offensive against the Afrika Korps launched on October 23, 1942; forced a German retreat on November 1942 and broke Rommel’s hold over North Africa
61
Russo-Japanese War
1904-5 conflict in which Russia lost territory to Japan; territory returned to Soviet Union under the Yalta conference agreements
62
Russian Revolution
Overthrow of the Russian Empire by the Communist Party
63
Rape of Nanking
Japanese atrocities against Chinese civilians in Nanking after the city fell in late 1937
64
Quarantine Speech
Roosevelt's response to the Japanese invasion of China in a October 5, 1937 speech calling for quarantines of the Axis power
65
Potsdam Conference
Final conference between Allied leaders; agreed on post-war | occupation plans for Germany and resolution of the war in the Pacific
66
Pogroms
Massacres of Jews common in Eastern Europe that received de facto state support; fear of many Jews in Poland after World War II
67
Phoney War
Period of military quiet from fall 1939 to winter 1940 with most action taking place on the naval front
68
Paris Conference
) Post World War I peace conference; resulted in the Treaty of Versailles
69
Operation Valkyrie
Plan of succession for Nazi government; re-formulated as an Internal attempt to assassinate Hitler following the Normandy landings but failed in its objectives
70
Operation Uranus
Soviet counterattack on Stalingrad that surrounded the Sixth Army and reclaimed the city over the course of fighting from November 1942 to February 2, 1943
71
Operation U-Go
Japanese attack on Imphal and Kohima, Manipur in northeastern India in March 1944
72
Operation Torch
Allied landings at Morocco and Algeria on November 8, 1942; faced initial Vichy resistance that an armistice with Darlan resolved; pushed the German defenders back to the Atlas Mountains in Tunisia
73
Operation Sea Lion
Nazi German codename for the planned but ultimately unrealized invasion of Great Britain
74
Operation Overlord
1944 Allied invasion of Normandy, France
75
Operation Olympic
Planned Allied invasion of Kyushu in October 1945
76
Operation Matterhorn
American strategic bombing campaign against Japan authorized in October 1943
77
Operation Market Garden
Allied offensive launched on September 17, 1944; failed to break German hold on the Scheldt and Rhine Rivers
78
Operation Iceberg
American invasion of Okinawa on April 1, 1945
79
Operation I
Japanese aerial offensive in New Guinea and Guadalcanal directed by Yamamoto in April 1943
80
Operation Husky
Allied invasion of Sicily; start of the re-conquest of Europe
81
Operation Galvanic
November 1943 attack on Tarawa by 2nd Marines and Makin by 27th Infantry
82
Operation Forager
1944 American offensive in the Marianas
83
Operation Dragoon
August 15, 1944 invasion of France that opened a secondary front and captured Marseille
84
Operation Dracula
British re-invasion of Burma, seizing Rangoon in May 1945
85
Operation Downfall
Two-part invasion of Japan planned for October 1945 (Operation Olympic) and 1946 (Operation Coronet)
86
Operation Crusader
British counterattack against Afrika Korps in November 1941 that succeeded Operation Battleaxe
87
Operation Coronet
Planned Allied invasion of Honshu; part of Operation Downfall
88
Operation Cobra
American offensive aiming to punch through German lines in | Normandy using massive bombing raids
89
Operation Citadel
Unsuccessful German attack on the Kursk salient from July 5 to 12 1943; ended in order to devote more resources to the defense of Italy; involved over 1,200 tanks
90
Operation Cartwheel
Series of 13 American offensives through New Guinea and the | Solomon Islands in 1943 as a prelude to retaking the Central Pacific
91
Operation Blau
1942 German offensive in the Soviet Union; intended to capture the Caucasus but diverted to attack Stalingrad under orders from Hitler
92
Operation Battleaxe
British counterattack against the Afrika Korps in June 1941 at the Libya-Egypt border
93
Operation Barbarossa
German invasion of Soviet Union in 1941
94
Operation Bagration
Major offensive by Soviet army in June 1944 launched in Belarus
95
Operation Avalanche
Allied offensive on mainland Italy opened on September 8, 1943 with landings near Salerno
96
Nuremberg trials
Postwar trials of Nazi German officials
97
Night of Broken Glass
kristallnacht
98
Mukden Incident
Rail explosion engineered by Japanese army on September 18, 1931 that became a pretext for the invasion and conquest of Manchuria
99
Moscow Conference
Allied conference in 1945 that planned the occupation of Japan
100
Meiji Restoration
1868 political shift in Japan; set it on path of cautious modernization

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