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24otigjeflbklksjglw > dd 1 > Flashcards

dd 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Class A

A

Class of war crimes dealing with crimes against peace; focus of the
Tokyo War Crimes Trial

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2
Q

Class B

A

Class of war crimes dealing with crimes against humanity; focus of
the IMTFE’s local tribunals

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3
Q

Class C

A

Class of war crimes dealing with planning and authorization of
crimes against humanity; focus of the IMTFE’s local tribunals

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4
Q

Zyklon-B

A

Poison gas introduced in gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau;

widely replaced carbon monoxide

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5
Q

Wolf packs

A

German submarine formation used to attack Allied shipping

convoys en masse in the Battle of the Atlantic

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6
Q

V-2 rocket

A

German guided ballistic missile first launched on September 8, 1944

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7
Q

V-1 flying bomb

A

German guided missile first used to target Great Britain on June 12,
1944

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8
Q

Ultra

A

British intelligence program that decrypted German Enigma codes
in World War II

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9
Q

U-boats

A

German submarines; effective in attacking Allied shipping lanes in
the Atlantic throughout World War II

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10
Q

Stuka dive bomber

A

German air force plane first trialed in the Spanish Civil War

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11
Q

Strategic bombing

A

Targeted bombing raids on German targets such as oil refineries
from British and Italian bases

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12
Q

Sonar

A

Naval military tool used in the Battle of the Atlantic to detect
German submarines

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13
Q

Repulse

A

British cruiser sunk by Japanese bombing on December 10, 1941

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14
Q

Radar

A

Military technology developed at the British National Physical
Laboratory; stationed at 50 locations on the British coast giving
advance warning of attacks in the Battle of Britain

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15
Q

Precision bombing

A

Tactic initially used in Operation Matterhorn

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16
Q

Poison gas

A

Tactic used by Italy to defeat Ethiopia in 1937

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17
Q

Magic

A

American intelligence program that broke Japanese codes by late
1941

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18
Q

Liberty ship

A

Cargo ship produced by the Allies during the Battle of the Atlantic
to keep supply lines open

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19
Q

Katyusha

A

Soviet rocket launcher developed in World War II

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20
Q

Kamikaze

A

Japanese suicide attacks first introduced at battle of Leyte Gulf

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21
Q

Island hopping

A

Allied strategy of selectively attacking Japanese-occupied islands in
the Pacific to maximize strategic gains and reduce casualties

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22
Q

Incendiary bomb

A

Primary device used in Operation Matterhorn bombings from 1945

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23
Q

Hydrogen bomb

A

Type of nuclear weapon first tested by the United States in 1952
and Soviet Union in 1953

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24
Q

Graf Spee

A

German ship sunk by Allied navies off Argentina and Uruguay

during the Phoney War

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25
Q

Flying fortress

A

B-17 bomber

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26
Q

Enola Gay

A

B-29 that dropped the first atomic weapon on Hiroshima on August
6, 1945

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27
Q

Enigma

A

German encryption based on the Enigma cipher machine broken by
British intelligence

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28
Q

Depth charges

A

Naval weapon used in the Battle of the Atlantic against German
submarines

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29
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

“Lightning war”; term used to describe Germany’s military tactics in
World War II relying on speed and surprise to quickly punch
through enemy lines

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30
Q

Area bombing

A

Style of bombing to which Curtis LeMay converted Operation

Matterhorn in 1945

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31
Q

Unconditional surrender

A

Policy announced following the Casablanca Conference ruling out
a separate peace with the Axis and demanding that Germany and
Japan fully acknowledge defeat; appeased Stalin over the
postponement of the French invasion

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32
Q

UN Convention on the
Prevention and Punishment
of the Crime of Genocide

A

United Nations document defining genocide as an international
crime, under which prosecutions of post-World War II genocides
have taken place

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33
Q

Two-Ocean Naval Expansion

Act

A

July 1940 American Congressional act expanding the navy to be
able to operate a fleet in both the Atlantic and Pacific

34
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Policy issued by President Truman in 1947 following the Communist
insurgency in Greece that declared American resistance to any
spread of communist rule

35
Q

Tripartite Pact

A

Formal alliance of Axis powers signed September 1940

36
Q

The Foundations of the

Nineteenth Century

A

1899 two-volume book by Houston Stewart Chamberlain arguing
for Aryan racial superiority and exclusion of Jews from the German
nation

37
Q

Rome-Berlin Axis

A

1936 alliance between Germany and Italy; superseded by 1940

Tripartite Pact

38
Q

Rainbow Plans

A

1939 American war plans proposed by Joint Planning Board

39
Q

Potsdam Declaration

A

1945 agreement by the United States, Great Britain, and China
laying the foundation for postwar trials in the east

40
Q

Plan Orange

A

1924 American military plan envisioning a Pacific defense based on
Manila Bay and Pearl Harbor

41
Q

Plan Dog

A

American-British naval strategy agreed in January 1941 that

balanced Atlantic and Pacific naval strength

42
Q

Percentages agreement

A

Division of interests in Europe between Great Britain and Soviet
Union agreed upon at the 1944 Moscow Conference

43
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

Set of policies passed in 1935 removing German citizenship from
Jews, forbidding marriage of Germans and Jews, and mandating the
Star of David

44
Q

Neutrality Acts

A

Series of acts passed by the American Congress from 1935 to 1939
limiting involvement in international conflicts

45
Q

Munich Agreement

A

Agreement signed at the conclusion of the Munich conference in
September 1938 by Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France,
transferring the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to Germany

46
Q

Moscow Peace Treaty

A

March 1940 peace treaty between Finland and Soviet Union

concluding the Winter War

47
Q

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

A

Agreement concluded between Germany and Soviet Union in
August 1939 dividing eastern Europe into separate spheres of
influence; freed up Germany’s military to concentrate on the
invasion of Poland and subsequently France without fighting on
two fronts; broken by Operation Barbarossa in 1941

48
Q

Mein Kampf

A

Autobiography and political manifesto written by Adolf Hitler
during his jail sentence following the Beer Hall Putsch

49
Q

Manhattan Project

A

American government-sponsored research into the manufacture of
an atomic bomb; resulted in the first successful detonation over
Alamogordo in the Trinity Test; led by J. Robert Oppenheimer

50
Q

Malayan Emergency

A

State of war against the Malayan Communist Party declared in 1948

51
Q

Long Telegram

A

George Kennan’s telegram recommending an aggressive policy
towards communist expansionism and predicting communism’s
eventual collapse; inspired the Truman Doctrine

52
Q

Lend-Lease

A

American aid to Allies during World War II, including war material
and transport; crucially provided supplies to Soviet Union and
China; passed in early 1941 and in effect until September 1945

53
Q

Lateran Pact

A

1929 agreement between Mussolini and the Catholic Church giving
Vatican independent city-state status and making Catholicism
Italy’s official religion

54
Q

Five Year Plans

A

Soviet Union economic plans setting production targets; first
introduced in 1928 to launch collectivization

55
Q

Executive Order 9066

A

February 1942 presidential order for internment of JapaneseAmericans
on the west coast of the United States

56
Q

Europe First

A

Agreement resulting from the March 1941 ABC-1 Conference that
the United States would prioritize the defeat of Germany over the
Pacific front

57
Q

Essay on the Inequality of the

Human

A

1853 publication by Joseph Arthur, Comte de Gobineau that argued
that race determined human development, with whites dominating
over blacks and yellows

58
Q

Enabling Act

A

1933 German legislation suspending the constitution for four years
passed following the Reichstag fire

59
Q

Destroyers for Bases

A

September 1940 agreement between Roosevelt and Churchill
providing 50 American destroyers to Great Britain in exchange for
American bases

60
Q

Denazification

A

Allied program of removing Nazi influence from German

government after World War II

61
Q

Cash-and-carry

A

American policy instituted under the 1937 Neutrality Act that
allowed American firms and the government to sell war material on
condition that they be paid in cash and not bear shipping costs

62
Q

Atlantic Charter

A

Joint statement of aims by Churchill and Roosevelt issued in August
1941 with eight points including free trade, democracy, and
international cooperation

63
Q

Article 231

A

Clause in the Treaty of Versailles in which Germany accepted full
responsibility for World War I

64
Q

Article 1

A

Clause in the Treaty of Versailles chartering the League of Nations

65
Q

Armistice

A

Agreement to end fighting; precedes a formal peace treaty

66
Q

Anti-Comintern Pact

A

1936 agreement between Germany and Japan expanded to Italy in
1937

67
Q

Allied Declaration on German
Atrocities in Occupied
Europe

A

November 1943 declaration of the Allies’ intention to prosecute
Nazi German officials after the war

68
Q

Acerbo Law

A

1923 Italian legislation giving the largest political party two-thirds
of parliamentary seats

69
Q

1947 Treaty of Peace

A

Treaty with Italy removing it of all colonial possessions

70
Q

ZZW

A

Jewish Military Union

71
Q

ZOB

A

Jewish Fighting Organization

72
Q

Zionist

A

Groups advocating for the formation of a Jewish state; promised
Palestinian territory in Balfour’s 1917 letter

73
Q

Wehrmacht

A

German military

74
Q

Viet Minh

A

Independence fighters in Vietnam led by Ho Chi Minh; resoundingly
defeated France at Dien Bien Phu, forcing them to negotiate a
resolution to the conflict

75
Q

UN General Assembly

A

Voted November 29, 1947 to partition Palestine

76
Q

Tokyo War Crimes Trial

A

Major tribunal held by the IMTFE from May 1946 to 1948

77
Q

Sturmabteilung

A

S.A.

78
Q

S.S.

A

Nazi German police overseeing the Einsatzgruppen and other Final
Solution-related policies

79
Q

Squadre d’Azione

A

Blackshirts

80
Q

Sonderkommando

A

Jewish labor groups tasked with clearing gas chambers of corpses in
extermination camps

24otigjeflbklksjglw (10 decks)

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