days 9-10 Flashcards
What are disruptive behaviours?
Age-inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, societal norms, and personal or property rights of others
What are the two diagnoses of disruptive behaviours?
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD)
How does the concept of social causation explain the relationship between poverty and disruptive behavior disorders in children?
Social causation suggests that the stress associated with poverty, such as limited resources and unstable living conditions, can increase the likelihood of childhood psychopathology, including disruptive behavior disorders. The stress from poverty may lead to emotional and behavioral challenges in children.
In the context of poverty and disruptive behavior disorder, what does the concept of social selection suggest about the role of genetic predisposition?
Social selection suggests that families with a genetic predisposition to mental health issues may be more likely to experience poverty. These families may “drift” down into lower socioeconomic status due to the effects of their genetic vulnerabilities, which can contribute to an increased risk of disruptive behavior disorders in children.
What were the researchers investigating in the Great Smoky Mountains study?
The researchers were investigating whether the change in income (from the casino stipend) had an impact on children’s psychopathology, particularly behaviors associated with disruptive behavior disorders
what were the two theories that they were trying to test in the Great Smoky Mountains Study
Social Causation Theory: This theory suggests that an increase in income would reduce the symptoms of disruptive behavior in children. In other words, improving financial conditions would decrease stress and other challenges that contribute to children’s behavioral problems.
Social Selection Theory: According to this theory, an increase in income would not significantly impact children’s symptoms of disruptive behavior. The theory suggests that families with a genetic predisposition to mental health issues (including disruptive behavior) would still face those issues, regardless of income.
What do the results of the great smokey mountrains study support?
The results of the Great Smoky Mountains Study (Costello et al., 2003) supported the social causation theory. The study found that increased income (from the casino stipend) did reduce the symptoms of disruptive behavior disorders in children, particularly for those who had been persistently poor or previously poor
In contrast, the study did not find strong evidence for social selection theory, which would have suggested that an increase in income would have no effect on children’s symptoms.
Follow up analysis examined possible mediators of the association between increase in income and decrease in behavioral symptom. What did they find that fully mediated the relationship?
Improved parental supervision.
Increase income leads to parents being able to “buy their time”, being able to provide more parental supervision, which led to decrease in behavioral problems
What is the gender difference in the prevalence of conduct problems in children, and how do these differences change during adolescence?
Conduct problems are 2-4 times more common in male children compared to female children, with smaller gender differences observed in the early teens. Early-onset persistent conduct disorder (CD) shows a 10 male: 1 female ratio, while adolescent-limited CD shows either a 2 male: 1 female ratio or no gender difference.
How do boys and girls differ in terms of aggression, and what is the significance of relational aggression?
Boys are generally more physically aggressive than girls throughout their lifespan. However, girls are more likely to engage in relational aggression, such as social exclusion or gossip, compared to physical aggression. Although girls engage in slightly more relational aggression than boys, the difference is small and not considered meaningful. Boys’ antisocial behavior tends to be more overt, which may make it more noticeable at an early age.
What other diagnostics are common with ODD/CD?
ADHD, depression, anxiety
What role does the MAOA gene play in the development of antisocial behavior in the context of childhood maltreatment?
Low-activity versions increase the risk of antisocial behavior in those who experience maltreatment.
what is social information processing
a series of cognitive steps that take a person from situation to action (encoding, interpretation, response search, response decision, enactment
Are time out detrimental to children long-term development?
No, the evidence doesn’t seem to show that
