Day 2 Flashcards
What is unique about psychopathology in youth?
- some disorders are only diagnosed in childhood (autism, adhd)
- the way the person expresses distress might differ (child might say tummy hurts, head hurts)
- what is considered abnormal might change over time (child sexually active at 8 years old abnormal, but adult not)
- differences in treatment: with kids might want to involve the family more, the teachers
Longitudinal study with 85000 people from 17 different countries: lifetime prevalence of any disorder by the time they were 75
12 to 47,4% of population. So mental health disorders are not statistically rare BUT significant impairment
How do we define maladaptive behaviours/abnormal behaviour? 3 aspects to it
Distress +
Disability (adaptational failure-Failure to reach developmental milestones ) + Increased risk for further suffering
What is the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) used for?
To assess the developmental progress of children from birth to 6 years old. It helps identify developmental delays - it might be an indication that something is going on.
Cumulative prevalence of any DSM diagnosis by age 21 (great smokey mountains study)
61%!
in another study: 35% with any disorder by age 15, 59% by age 18
True or False: Males show higher rates of disorders in childhood, Females show higher rates of disorders in adolescence
True
Psychopathology in LGBTQ+ youth
Much higher rates of peer victimization
More negative stressors = puts them at higher risk of subsequent mental health difficulties.
Give an example of bias in diagnostic practices with black population
Black youth are MORE likely to be diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorders and psychosis
LESS likely to be diagnosed with mood & substance use disorders
Comparing Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) with Taijin Kyofusho (TKS)
In Western social anxiety disorder, the fear is self-centered (fear of personal embarrassment).
In TKS, the fear is other-centered (fear of making others uncomfortable).
TKS: culture-bound syndrome primarily observed in Japan and South Korea. It is an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of embarrassing or offending others.
Give an example of how expression of symptoms varies in racial/ethnic minority group
racial/ethnic minority group members often report physical symptoms when there is an underlying mental health issue
“I’m having stomachaches” instead of “I’m feeling anxious”
The diathesis-stress model - What is a diathesis?
Your underlying vulnerability or tendency to develop certain disorder
The diathesis-stress model - True or False: Diathesis is always biological.
FALSE. Can be biological (Family history of mental illness), psychological (Negative thinking patterns (e.g., catastrophizing)) or experience-based (Childhood abuse or neglect)
The diathesis-stress model - How does it work?
Diathesis: vulnerability that makes a person more susceptible to developing a disorder.
Stress: External life events or stressors that activate the predisposition.
A person with a strong diathesis (high genetic risk) might develop a disorder even with mild stress.
A person with a weak diathesis (low genetic risk) might only develop a disorder under severe stress.
What is the main strenght of the diathesis stress model?
It integrates both biological predisposition (diathesis) and environmental factors (stress) instead of focusing on just one.
Multifinality
Certain behaviours experiences might be shared across people, but lead to different outcomes.
Equifinality
many different factors might lead to similar outcomes.
