Day 7-8 Flashcards
the 2 core characteristics of ADHD
Inattention (on tasks that they like less) and hyperactivity (difficulty inhibiting one’s behavior)
DSM-citeria subtypes of ADHD
Primarily inattentive (need 6 inattentive + 5 of fewer hyperactive)
Primarily hyperactive (need 6 hyperactive + 5 or fewer inattentive)
Combined type (6 inattentive + 6 hyperactive, except for 17years old+)
What is cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS)—formerly known as Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT)
a set of symptoms related to daydreaming, mental fogginess, and slow cognitive processing, often overlapping with but distinct from ADHD.
True or flase: cognitive disengagement syndrome is a DSM diagnosis
false, you can’t diagnose
Why are boys diagnosed with ADHD more often than girls, and why is the boy-to-girl ratio higher in clinical samples (3:1) than in community samples (6:1)?
Boys are diagnosed with ADHD more often, partly because their symptoms are more external and disruptive (leading to more referrals).
The larger clinic-based gender gap (6:1 vs. 3:1 in the general population) suggests that girls with ADHD are less likely to be referred for evaluation, even if they meet the diagnostic criteria.
When do ADHD symptoms normally begin to show?
ADHD symptoms often begin to show in early childhood, but diagnosis is tricky before age 3.
Big study klein et al. 2012, followed adhd proband and comparison group until they were 41. What were the findings?
What they found was that at 41, ADHD group
-finished less high school.
-Big difference graduate degree.
-Big difference salary.
-Big difference divorce
-Big difference incarcerated
-Big difference death (likely due to risk tasking and comorbidity)
Up to _ of children with ADHD have a co-occuring disorder
80%!!
ODD (50% of those with ADHD)
CD
Anxiety disorders
Depression
Tic disorders
True of false: ADHD is associated with decreased intellectual ability
false, adhd is not associated with decreases intelectual ability. They don’t have lower IQ. Typical schooling context might not allow them to show their full ability.
What is impaired is academic functionning
what are parent training programs?
programs focus on increasing positive attention and teaching communication and behavioural strategies
how effective are parent training programs
Parent training programs are effective in reducing ADHD symptoms in children and improving parent outcomes, but the long-term benefits may require additional support
treatment for adhd: cognitive interventions
Techniques like verbal self-instruction and problem-solving help children control attention and behavior. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support their effectiveness.
treatment for adhd: Organizational skills training
This can be helpful for managing ADHD-related impairments, such as school failure, and has shown benefits in academic performance.
results of the MTA study regarding ADHD treatment
In summary, medication is more effective for directly improving ADHD symptoms, but behavioral treatments can have better effects on other outcomes like classroom behavior and social skills. Parents tend to prefer behavioral treatments, and combining treatments doesn’t show significant additional benefits compared to medication alone.
