days 4 - 5 Flashcards
catabolism
breakdown of molecules for energy and useful small molecules (building blocks)
anabolism
uses energy to fuel biosynthesis of molecules that form the cell (macromolecules)
oxidation
the removal of electrons from a substance (usually the removal of hydrogen atom + addition of oxygen atoms). results in a RELEASE of energy
reduction
the addition of electrons to a substance (usually adding hydrogen atom and loss of an oxygen atom). REQUIRES energy
the more reduced a molecule, the BLANK potential energy it has
MORE
the more oxidized a molecule, the BLANK potential energy it has
LESS
cellular resperation reaction
glucose + 6O2 —— 6CO2 + 6H2O
substrate elevel phosphorylation
glycolysis + pyruvate processing + citric acid cycle
oxidative phosphorilation
electron transport chain + oxidative phosphorilation (last step)
stages of glycolysis (not steps)
- energy investment
- cleavage of sugars
- energy generation
a. consumed for glycolysis
b. products of glycolysis
c. net products from glycolysis
a. glucose, 2 ATP, 2NAD+
b. 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, 2NADH
c. 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
after glycolysis pyruvate goes through either BLANK resperation or BLANK
arobic resperation, fermentation
the 2 products of fermentation
lactate or ethanol
where does piruvate processing and the citric acid cycle occur?
mitochondrial matrix
where does the electron transport chain occur
inner mitochondrial matrix
products of piruvate processing (per 1 pyruvate, 2 pyruvates made per 1 glucose)
Acetyl CoA
what happens in the citric acid cycle
Acetyl CoA tranfers acetate to oxaloacetate to make citrate
yeild of citric acid cycle (per 1 pyruvate, 2 pyruvates per glucose)
3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP
proton motive force
VERY strong force due to gradient (concentration and membrane potenential) accross the inner mitochondrial matrix. gradient maintained by Na+/K+ pump (net + intermembrane space and net - in mitochondrial matrix)
