Day 4- Cell Structure Flashcards
This is the building blocks of life.
Cells
What is a cell wall?
It is the protective covering of the plan cell that is predominantly made up of cellulose and the animal cell don’t have this.
What are the 3 types of cells?
Animal cell, Plant cell, Bacteria cells
Enumerate the function of the cell.
make energy, make proteins, make more cells
It has phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins (double layer of fat) and it seperates internal content from its exterior.
Plasma Membrane or Cell Membrane
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It controls the passage of organic molecule, ions, water and oxygen. It also helps with the communication within te cells because of protein that receives signals.
What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?
It is composed of interconnected membrane sacs and tubules within the cytoplasm.
What is the function of Endoplasmic Reticulum?
It modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids to help complete proteins after ribosomes builds them.
What is the difference between Smooth ER and the Rough ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes attached to the membrane and is responsible for the protein synthesis while Smooth ER has no ribosomes attached to the membrane and it is responsible for the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids and steroid hormone.
What are Ribosomes?
These are small dots that are either attached to a membrane or freely moving in the cytoplasm.
What is the function of ribosomes?
They are the protein factories because they read instructions to build protein from DNA.
It is a jelly-like material that hold organelles in place and it is composed mostly of cytosol.
Cytoplasm
What is a Golgi Body or Apparatus?
It finishes, sorts, labels and ships protein like a courier service. It is composed of CIS Face (receiving end) and the TRANS Face (entrance and the exit).
It is a membrane bounded digestive vesicle that is found only in the animal cell and uses hydrolytic enzymes to break down pathogens.
Lysosomes
This is called the powerhouse of the cell. It produces ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), an energy carrying molecule.
Mitochondria
What are the parts of mitochondria and its functions?
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane - a cristae (folds) that houses enzymes and catalyze reaction of cellular respiration
Mitochondrial Matrix - where DNA encodes protein essential for mitochondrial function)
It is only found in the plant cell and it carries out photosynthesis. It also contains photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll that makes the plan green.
Chloroplast
What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs make their own food like plans while heterotrophs consume food like animals.
It is found inside the chloroplast and is composed of compartments of stacked membranes and contains thylakoids, a disk shaped structure.
Grana
What is a stroma?
It surround thylakoids and it is a fluid.
It has specialized membrane bounded structures that regulates cells’ concentration of water.
Vacuoles
It is 90% cell volume and surrounded by tonoplast (channels of water)
Large central vacuole
What are the different kinds of vacuole?
Food, Central, contractile vacuole
What is a cytoskeleton?
It is a network of protein fibers
There are 3 types of cytoskeleton what are they?
Microfilament - Narrowest, it depolymerize and reform quickly
Intermediate Filament - several strands of fibrous proteins anit holds organelles in place
Microtubules - it resists compression and pulls replicated chromosomes to opposite ends.
What is a nucleus?
It is surrounded by nuclear envelope and it is a double membrane that separates nucleus from cytoplasm.
It controls the passage of ions, molecules, protein and RNA.
Nuclear pores
It is a semi solid fluid that contains chromatin and nucleus and it also called governor if the cell.
Nucleoplasm
What is a nucleolus?
It is where intensive synthesis of ribosomal RNA is taking place.
What are chromosomes?
It is a hereditary material within the nucleus
