Day 37 (Accessory Muscle of the Vertebral Column, anterior & lateral deep cervical musculature,posterior abdominal muscles, nine common ligaments, intervertebral disc)

Question 1

Which of the cervical intertransversarii is innervated by dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves?

Answer 1

posterior medial belly, cervical intertransversarii

Question 2

What is the origin of the medial belly of the lumbar intertransversarii?

Answer 2

accessory process of transverse process L1-L4, mammillary process of superior articular process L1-L4

Question 3

Which muscle group is innervated by both dorsal rami and ventral rami of spinal nerves?

Answer 3

intertransversarii

Question 4

Based on the density of muscle spindles what is the proposed function of the intertransversarii?

Answer 4

acts as a proprioceptive transducer in conjuction with interspinalis to coordinate the smooth movement of the spine and to maintain appropriate posture

Question 5

What is the origin of the longus colli?

Answer 5

vertebral bodies of C5-C6 & anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C5

Question 6

What is the origin of the rectus capitis anterior?

Answer 6

lateral mass & costal element of the transverse process of C1

Question 7

What will innervate the rectus capitis anterior?

Answer 7

ventral rami of C1-C2 spinal nerves

Question 8

What will innervate the rectus capitis lateralis?

Answer 8

the ventral rami of C1-C2 spinal nerves

Question 9

What is the insertion of the anterior scalene?

Answer 9

ridge and anterior scalene tubercle of the first rib

Question 10

What is the insertion of the middle scalene?

Answer 10

between the tubercle and groove for the subclavian artery on the first rib

Question 11

What is the insertion of the posterior scalene?

Answer 11

outer surface of second rib

Question 12

What will innervate the posterior scalene?

Answer 12

the ventral rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves

Question 13

The quadratus lumborum is implicated in the formation of which ligament?

Answer 13

the iliolumbar ligament

Question 14

What is the origin of the psoas major?

Answer 14

vertebral bodies T12, L1-L5, S1 and transverse processes of L1-L5

Question 15

What is the origin of the psoas minor?

Answer 15

vertebral bodies T12, L1

Question 16

What will innervate the psoas minor?

Answer 16

the ventral ramus of L1 spinal nerve

Question 17

What is the maximum number of common ligaments identified with a vertebral couple?

Answer 17

eight

Question 18

What is the reason that nine common ligaments are identified but only eight will be attached at any specific vertebral couple?

Answer 18

the ligamentum nuchae and supraspinous ligaments attach to the spinous tubercles, but only one of these will be identified at a single vertebral couple

Question 19

What is the number of true intervertebral discs identified in the adult?

Answer 19

twenty-three

Question 20

In the adult which vertebral levels will demonstrate a true intervertebral disc?

Answer 20

those between C2 and S1 inclusive

Question 21

What is the percent of intervertebral disc height contribution to the length of each region of the vertebral column?

Answer 21

cervical…22-25%; thoracic…20%; lumbar…33%

Question 22

What are the names of the central, peripheral, and horizontal zones of the intervertebral disc?

Answer 22

nucleus pulposus….central zone; annulus fibrosus…peripheral zone; cartilaginous end plate…horizontal zone

Question 23

What is the water concentration in the lumbar nucleus pulposus at birth and after thirty?

Answer 23

birth…88%; thirty…70%

Question 24

What is the consequences of non-aggregated glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar nucleus pulposus?

Answer 24

the nucleus pulposus will loose water under deformation conditions

Question 25

What cell is associated with the nucleus pulposus until about age eleven?

Answer 25

notochord cells

Question 26

Which type of collagen is dominant in the nucleus pulposus?

Answer 26

collagen type II

Question 27

What is the organizational pattern for collagen fibers in the nucleus pulposus?

Answer 27

they are irregularly oriented and randomly scattered

Question 28

What is the appearance of the cervical annulus fibrosus?

Answer 28

a horse-shoe with the anterior margin tick and the lateral margins tapering to the uncinate processes; the posterior margin is thin