Day 12 (Vertebral foramen, spinal cord, spinal canal) Flashcards
What is the name given to the lateral extension of pia mater along the spinal cord?
dentate (denticulate) ligament
What is the unique feature of veins along the spinal canal?
they lack the bicuspid valve of typical veins
In horizontal view, what direction of the spinal cord tends to be largest?
transverse
What are the spinal cord enlargement locations and the name given to each?
C3-T1=the cervical enlargement
T9-T12= The lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement
Where is the greatest transverse diameter of the spinal cord?
C6
What is a generic cord level of origin-vertebral level combination for the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement?
L1, L2 cord levels in T9 vertebrae
L3, L4 cord levels in T10 vertebrae
L5, S1 cord levels in T11 vertebrae
S2, S3 cord levels in T12 vertebrae
What is the caudal end of the spinal cord called?
conus medullaris
What spinal nerves originate from the conus medullaris?
typically S4, S5, and Co1
In which vertebral foramen will the conus medullaris typically be observed?
L1
What is the name given to the nerve roots below L1?
cauda equina
What is the continuation of pia mater below the conus medullaris called?
filum terminale internum
What is the location and name given to the area where all meninges first converge at the caudal part of the vertebral column?
typically S2, the dural cul de sac
Neural tissue has been identified in what part of the filum terminale internum?
proximal part of the filum terminale internum
What is the fate of the neural tissue identified along the filum terminale internum?
it joins peripheral nerve roots of spinal nerves as high as L3 and as low as S4
What does the neural tissue associated with the filum terminale externum appear to innervate?
lower limbs and the external anal sphincter
The last arterial vasa corona creates what feature on angiogram?
cruciate anastomosis
What is the name given to the condensation of meninges below S2?
filum terminale externum
What is the name given to the caudal attachment of the meninges?
coccygeal medullary vestige
What is the name given to the condition in which the conus medullaris is located below L1 and the filum terminale is thickened?
tethered cord syndrome
What is the relationship between scoliosis and tethered cord syndrome?
it is suggested that the column will change normal curvatures to mitigate damage to the spinal cord
What is the relationship between spinal nerve number, rib number and vertebral number in a thoracic intervertebral foramen?
the spinal nerve number relates to the upper segment number in the vertebral couple, the rib number relates to the lower segment number in the vertebral couple. i.e. T3 nerve exits the intervertebral foramen formed by T3/T4 and rib 4 joints with this vertebral couple
