Day 15-Start of Exam 2 (Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6; Atypical Cervical Vertebrae C1/Atlas)

Question 1

What nerve indents the articular pillar of typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 1

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

Question 2

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

Answer 2

40 to 45 degrees from the coronal plane

Question 3

Recent work suggests what angulation for typical cervical articular facets?

Answer 3

55 to 60 degrees

Question 4

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

Answer 4

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Question 5

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

Answer 5

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

Question 6

What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?

Answer 6

the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis and rotators

Question 7

What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?

Answer 7

the semispinalis capitis, multifidis, and rotator longus

Question 8

What is the joint classification for the typical cervical zygapophysis?

Answer 8

synovial plane (diarthosis arthrodia) joint

Question 9

What will influence spinal kinematics?

Answer 9

geometry of articular facets, mechanical properties of connective tissue, mechanical properties of muscle

Question 10

The greatest range of flexion-extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

Answer 10

typically C5/C6

Question 11

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

Answer 11

lateral bending and axial rotation

Question 12

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

Answer 12

the C5/C6 vertebral couple

Question 13

What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?

Answer 13

they are bifid

Question 14

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?

Answer 14

they are non-bifid

Question 15

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

Answer 15

the spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators, and interspinalis

Question 16

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

Answer 16

atlas

Question 17

What features are lacking at C1?

Answer 17

vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc

Question 18

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

Answer 18

longus colli

Question 19

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

Answer 19

the anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto-occipital, and anterior atlanto-axial ligaments

Question 20

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

Answer 20

the fovea dentis

Question 21

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

Answer 21

they are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

Question 22

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

Answer 22

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Question 23

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1?

Answer 23

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

Question 24

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

Answer 24

backward, medial, downward (BadMD)

Question 25

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

Answer 25

levator scapula, splenius cervicis, and rectus capitis anterior