Day 29 (Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis)

Question 1

What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in Spinal II?

Answer 1

a separation along the pars interarticularis (defect in the parts interarticularis or pars defect)

Question 2

What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?

Answer 2

a range of 2.6% to 10%

Question 3

What is the geographic or ethnic bias for a higher incidence of spondylolysis?

Answer 3

the native Alaskan (Inuit) population

Question 4

What does lumbar spondylolysis apear to be related to?

Answer 4

the uniquely human upright stance or erect posture

Question 5

Lumbar spondylolysis is associated with what characteristics?

Answer 5

familial association, spina bifida occulta, racial/ethnic disparities, gender and locational bias, youthful incidence and activities requiring repetitive stress on the spine

Question 6

What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 6

10-20 year olds

Question 7

What activities are particularly stressful at the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 7

gymnastics, dance, soccer

Question 8

What fills the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 8

fibrocartilagenous material

Question 9

What name has bee given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 9

spondylolysis ligament

Question 10

What types of neural function(s) have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?

Answer 10

nociception, neuromodulation and autonomic function

Question 11

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 11

a Scotty dog

Question 12

What is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 12

a collared Scotty dog

Question 13

In an oblique x-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of a lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?

Answer 13

the neck of the Scotty dog

Question 14

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?

Answer 14

the pedicle

Question 15

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of a Scotty dog?

Answer 15

the superior articular process

Question 16

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the nose of a Scotty dog?

Answer 16

the transverse process

Question 17

What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

Answer 17

rare, congenital, gender biased toward men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

Question 18

What characteristics are associated with sacral spondylolysis?

Answer 18

rare in the general population, within typical percents in the native Alaskan (Inuit) population, seems to be acquired, gender biased toward men, most common at S1 and linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning

Question 19

Identify all names given to type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 19

dysplastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis

Question 20

What is the locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 20

L5 or upper sacral segments

Question 21

What additional conditions are linked to type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 21

spina bifida occulta and nerve root compression of the S1 nerve

Question 22

What gender bias, location bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 22

isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

Question 23

What is the gender bias, location bias, and spinal canal dimension changes often associated with type III spondylolisthesis?

Answer 23

degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly at L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal