Day 1-2 (Cells, Matrix, Ossification, Density, Variation; Bone Classification; Bone Surface Features) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four tissues of the human body?

A

epithelial, muscle, neural & connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of each type of bone cell?

A

osteoblast-form bone
osteocyte-maintain or nurture bone
osteoclast- remodel bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the primary constituent of the ground substance?

A

glycosaminoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the principal type of protein fiber in bone?

A

collagen type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?

A

hydroxyapatite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Wolff’s Law as it pertains to bone?

A

living tissue will respond to stressors; bone is formed or absorbed in response to stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three responses of bone which allow it to be described as “living”?

A

it has the ability to heal, to remodel under stressors and to age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is bone the embryological derivative of?

A

mesenchyme or cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?

A

intramembranous ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the timing for the appearance of intramembranous ossification?

A

from the second to third month in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the timing for the appearance of ossification in cartilage?

A

from the second to fifth month in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification?

A

chondrocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

A

the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the primary sources of variation observed in bone?

A

gender variation (sexual dimorphism), ontogenetic variation (growth or age variation), geographic or population-based variation (ethnic variation) and idiosyncratic variation (individual variation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the characteristic feature of a long bone?

A

it is longer than it is across (length greater than breadth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the names given to the parts of a long bone?

A

the diaphysis (shaft) and typically two epiphyses (extremities)

17
Q

What is the primary characteristic of short bones?

A

they are essentially cubodial

18
Q

What are examples of short bones?

A

most of the bones of the carpus and tarsus

19
Q

What are examples of flat bones?

A

the parietal bone and sternum

20
Q

What are examples of pneumatic bone?

A

frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, sphenoid & temporal

21
Q

What is the characteristic of sesamoid bone?

A

the bone develops within a tendon

22
Q

What are consistent examples of sesamoid bones?

A

patella and pisiform

23
Q

What are the four basic surface feature categories?

A

elevations, depressions, tunnels or passageways & facets

24
Q

When do the surface features of bone become prominent?

A

during and after puberty

25
What are they types of osseous linear elevations?
the line ridge and crest
26
What are the types of rounded osseous elevations?
tubercle, protuberance, trochanter, tuber or tuberosity and malleolus
27
What are the categories of sharp osseous elevations?
spine and process
28
What are the categories of osseous depressions?
linear and rounded depressions
29
What are the categories of osseous linear depressions?
notch or incisure, groove, and sulcus
30
What are the categories of rounded osseous depressions?
the fovea and fossa
31
What are the names given to openings on the surface of bone?
ostium or orifice and hiatus
32
What are the names given to osseous ostia which completely penetrate bone?
foramen or canal
33
What is the definition of an osseous foramen?
an ostium passing completely through a thin region of bone
34
What is the definition of an osseous canal?
an ostium passing completely through a thick region of bone
35
What is the name given to an ostium which does not completely penetrate through a region of bone but appears as a blind-ended passageway?
meatus