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EWOK > Day 1: RF Equipment > Flashcards

Day 1: RF Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Equipment in a system that supports and allows the transmission of a signal

A

Transmit (Tx)

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2
Q

Takes digital information and adapts it to propagate through free space

A

Transmit (Tx)

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3
Q

Equipment in a system that supports and allows the reception of a signal

A

Receive (Rx)

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4
Q

Usually, takes in analog information and adapts it for delivery for users

A

Receive (Rx)

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5
Q

Frequencies used to transmit signals over a distance

A

Radio Frequency (RF)

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6
Q

Can be in several bands (UHF, L, S, etc…)

A

Radio Frequency (RF)

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7
Q

Can utilize characteristics of different bands to achieve different goals

A

Radio Frequency (RF)

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8
Q

Low frequencies (UHF and lower) travel great distances more reliably but sacrifice data rate

A

Radio Frequency (RF)

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9
Q

Medium frequencies (L, S, C, and X) interact with the environment (diffract, reflect) and can be manipulated to reach mobile or challenging RXers, and have middling data rates

A

Radio Frequency (RF)

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10
Q

Higher frequencies (Ku and above) gradually can support higher and higher data rates but lose power more rapidly and are susceptible to interference

A

Radio Frequency (RF)

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11
Q

Frequencies used to standardize a transmission system

A

Intermediate Frequency (IF)

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12
Q

Can be in certain bands (L Band, 70/140 MHz)

A

Intermediate Frequency (IF)

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13
Q

Used to reduce cost and improve efficiency of a system

A

Intermediate Frequency (IF)

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14
Q

All devices can talk without the need for additional converters

A

Intermediate Frequency (IF)

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15
Q

Steps in Signal Flow

A

Baseband Signals
MUX
MODEM - VSG
Converter(s) - U/C, D/C
Amp - HPA, LNA
Antenna - Transmitter, Receiver
TTF

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16
Q

Any user original signal in its original format - i.e. prior to multiplexing and modulation

A

Baseband Signals

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17
Q

Combines baseband signals into a single data stream

A

Multiplexer

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18
Q

Can use TDM, FDM, or CDM multiplexing formats

A

Multiplexer

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19
Q

Used to generate signals or modulate existing signals

A

Modulator

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20
Q

Used to strip off modulation and FEC to reveal data

A

Demodulator

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21
Q

Modifies Carrier Wave (CW) to represent data

MODEM

A

Modulator

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22
Q

Promotes flexibility in signal characeristics

MODEM

A

Modulator

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23
Q

Adds FEC (computational gain)

MODEM

A

Modulator

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24
Q

Digital to analog conversion

MODEM

A

Modulator

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25
Q

Must match received signal modulation for lock

MODEM

A

Demodulator

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26
Q

Understands Mod scheme

MODEM

A

Demodulator

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27
Q

Recognizes and strips off FEC

MODEM

A

Demodulator

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28
Q

Can be separate from Modulator

MODEM

A

Demodulator

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29
Q

Analog to digital conversion

MODEM

A

Demodulator

30
Q

Sophisticated radio

A

Vector Signal Generator (VSG)

31
Q

Produces many signals of varying types/forms

A

Vector Signal Generator (VSG)

32
Q

Highly customizable signals (shape RF to desired “form”)

A

Vector Signal Generator (VSG)

33
Q

Can emulate industry standards

A

Vector Signal Generator (VSG)

34
Q

Designed for testing

A

Vector Signal Generator (VSG)

35
Q

No actual data sent, modulates pseudo random noise over a carrier

A

Vector Signal Generator (VSG)

36
Q

No FEC

A

Vector Signal Generator (VSG)

37
Q

Uses Symbol Per Second

A

Vector Signal Generator (VSG)

38
Q
  • Non-modulated and simplest waveform
  • A single frequency

VSG Basic Signal Generation Functions

A

Continuous Waveform (CW)

39
Q

Modulates noise, no real data, signal takes the form of various modulation schemes

VSG Basic Signal Generation Functions

A

Modulated Waveform

40
Q

CW repeats moving back and forth within a given frequency range

VSG Basic Signal Generation Functions

A

Sweep

41
Q

CW pulses on and off at a specific frequency & time interval, or across multiple frequencies (hopping)

VSG Basic Signal Generation Functions

A

Pulsed

42
Q

The process of mixing 2 frequencies together to achieve a desired output

Converters

A

Heterodyning

43
Q

Takes an input frequency and a local oscillator and creates 4 frequencies, and filters for a desired result:
* Input
* LO
* Input + LO
* Input - LO

Converters

A

Heterodyning

44
Q

IF to RF (low frequency to high frequency)

Converters

A

Upconverter

45
Q

Adds active gain (higher frequency = more power)

Converters

A

Upconverter

46
Q

Allows for flexibility in bands

Converters

A

Upconverter

47
Q

RF to IF (high frequency to low frequency)

Converters

A

Downcoverters

48
Q

Less attentuation travelling through cables

Converters

A

Downcoverters

49
Q

Low Noise Block Downconverters (LNBs) combine what?

Converters

A
  • down conversion
  • low-noise amplification
50
Q

The High Power Amplifier (HPA) adds what kind of gain to overcome Free Space Loss (FSL)?

Amplifiers

A

Active

51
Q

Increases chances of data transmission

Amplifiers

A

High Power Amplifier (HPA)

52
Q

Raises amplitude of received signals after Free Space Loss (FSL)

Amplifiers

A

Low-Noise Amplifier

53
Q

The Low-Noise Amplifier filters out what?

Amplifiers

A

Out of Band Noise

54
Q

Antennas add what kind of gain?

Antennas

A

Passive

55
Q

Directional

Antennas

A

Transmit

56
Q

Greatest factor in success/failure

Antennas

A

Transmit

57
Q

Focuses signal on feedhorn

Antennas

A

Receive

58
Q

Optimized by RF band

Antennas

A

Receive

59
Q

The Transponder Translation Factor (or Frequency) (TTF) is the ratio of what?

A

Downlink frequency to uplink frequency

60
Q

What does the Transponder Translation Factor (or Frequency) (TTF) do to polarity?

A

Flips it to the opposite for downlink

61
Q

What is a “Spec-A?”

A
  • Visual Representation of the EMS (Frequency Domain)
  • Spectrograph (primary trace)
  • Spectrogram (waterfall plot)
62
Q

What are the 2 mission functions of a Spec-A?

A
  • Signal Characterization
  • Signal Monitoring
63
Q

Allows tuning to specific center frequency (think RF address)

Basic Sectrum Analyzer Functions

A

Center Frequency

64
Q

Selects frequencies displayed on x-axis (think zoom)

Basic Sectrum Analyzer Functions

A

Span

65
Q

Sets the amplitude reference (top line of display)

Basic Sectrum Analyzer Functions

A

Reference Level

66
Q

Like Span, but for the Y-axis (based on Ref Level)

Basic Sectrum Analyzer Functions

A

Scales per Division (Scal/Div)

67
Q

Applies a filter to the frequencies within a span

Basic Sectrum Analyzer Functions

A

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW)

Higher RBW makes smoother signals and lower RBW makes sharper signals

68
Q

Applies a filter to the sampled amplitude seen on frequencies within a span

Basic Sectrum Analyzer Functions

A

Video Bandwidth (VBW)

Higher VBW creates more noise on the display while lower VBW removes varation

69
Q

The time it takes for the display to refresh; dependent on setttings and current functions

Basic Sectrum Analyzer Functions

A

Sweep

70
Q

Tools used to make specific measurements or perform specific functions

Basic Sectrum Analyzer Functions

A

Marker/Trace/Measure

71
Q

What are some spectrum analyzer best practices?

A
  • Center your display
  • Fill your display
  • Start with a 100:1 ratio of RBW and VBW

EWOK (22 decks)

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