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2.2 Microbiology > Day 1: Question 1 - Preliminary ID > Flashcards

Day 1: Question 1 - Preliminary ID Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic characteristics for staphylococcus
(6)

A

No haemolysis
No odour
Catalase positive*
Oxidase negative
KoH negative

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2
Q

What Preliminary ID test results indicate Staphylococci

A

Cocci

Gram positive

Catalase positive

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3
Q

How do you know a GP and catalase cocci is a staphylococcus and not a micrococcus?

A

Micrococcus are extremely small
Staphylococcus are so much more common

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4
Q

What five tests would you do to speciate staphylococci?

A

DN’ase test

Mannitol salt agar

SAIDE agar -> Chromid S.aureus ELITE agar

Novobiocin susceptibility test

Coagulase test -> Staphaurex P test -> protein A test

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5
Q

What are the three classifications of streptococci

A

Alpha haemolytic

Beta haemolytic

Gamma haemolytic

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6
Q

What are the basic characteristics for streptococci
(4)

A

Could be alpha, beta or gamma haemolyisis

Gram positive

Aerobe

Catalase negative*

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7
Q

What tests would you carry out for streptococci?
(6)

A

Lancefield grouping (b) (g)

Bacitracin (b)

Optochin (a)

MacConkey (g)

Bile Aesculin (g)

Vancomycin (g)

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8
Q

What are the basic characteristic test results for enterococci?
(4)

A

Cocci*

Gram positive*

Aerobe*

Catalase negative *

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9
Q

What’s the most important step when identifying streptococci/enterococcus?

A

If you have a gram positive, aerobe, catalase negative cocci, you need to be able to identify haemolysis

Only certain tests carried out for each type of haemolysis

Gamma haemolysis usually means an enterococcus

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10
Q

What are the basic characterisation results for Neisseria or Moraxella?

A

Cocci
Gram negative
Diplococci
KOH positive
Catalase positive
Oxidase negative

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11
Q

What tests do you carry out for presumptive Neisseria or Moraxella?
(3)

A

TAXO

DN’ase

Catarrhalis test (M. Catarrhalis)

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12
Q

How could you distinguish Moraxella from Neisseria on an agar plate?

A

Moraxella is pushable

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13
Q

What are the basic characteristic test results for Haemophilus

A

Gram negative*

Aerobe*

Coccobacilli*

Facultative - only om choc*

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14
Q

List the tests used to confirm haemophilus

A

Factor X, V, XV test

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15
Q

What are the basic characteristic test results for bacillus species?

A

Bacilli

Gram positive

Aerobe

Sporing

Catalase

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16
Q

What tests should you carry out for bacillus
(2)

A

PEMBA

Motility

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17
Q

What are the basic characteristic test for Corynebacteria?
(5)

A

Bacilli

Gram positive

Aerobe

Non sporing

Catalase positive

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18
Q

What are the tests for corynebacteria
(3)

A

Trehalose

Urease

Tinsdale

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19
Q

What are the basic characterisation test results for enterobacterales?
(5)

A

Bacilli

Gram negative

Aerobe

Rod

Oxidase negative*

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20
Q

What tests should you carry out for enterobacterales

A

Biochemical testing -> with MacConkey purity plate

Brilliance chromogenic agar

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21
Q

Why is the MacConkey plate so important in the biochemical test for enterobacterales?

A

Enterobacterales are classified based on their ability to ferment lactose -> pink colonies = lactose fermenter, yellow colonies = non lactose fermenter

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22
Q

What are the lactose fermenter enterobacterales?

A

Escherichia

Enterobacter

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23
Q

What are the non lactose fermenter enterobacterales?

A

Salmonella

Proteus

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24
Q

What are the basic characterisation tests for pseudomonas?
(5)

A

Bacilli

Gram negative

(Facultative) Aerobic

Rod

Oxidase positive*

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25
What tests are used for pseudomonas (2)
Growth at different temperatures -> 42 degrees and 4 degrees Kings A medium
26
What are the basic characteristic test results for clostridium
Bacilli* Gram positive* (Facultative) Anaerobe* Sporing*
27
What are the tests for clostridium (4)
Metronidazole and anaerobic growth Egg yolk Naglar Lactose-gelatin
28
How can you distinguish between moraxella and neisseria?
Moraxella have larger pushable colonies
29
What are the three clinically significant staphylococci?
Aureus Epidermidis Saprophyticus
30
What are the five clinically significant strains of streptococci?
Strep pneumonia Strep pyogenes Strep viridans Strep mutans Strep agalactiae
31
How can you tell a strep is strep pneumoniae from how is appears on a blood agar plate and under a microscope
Alpha haemolysis Draughtsman colonies or mucoid colonies Lanceolate -> flame shaped cocci
32
What strep strains have alpha haemolysis
S pneumoniae (most likely) S viridians
33
What strep strains have beta haemolysis
S pyogenes (most likely) S agalactiae
34
What strep strains have gamma haemolysis
S. bovis however any gram positive cocci which are catalase negative and don't have haemolysis are more than likely enterococcus than strep
35
Which are the most significant Lancefield grouping? (4)
Group A = Strep pyogenes Group B = Strep agalactiae Group C = Strep equi or strep equisimilis Group D = Enterococcus faecalis or Strep bovis
36
What are the three clinically significant species of Enterococcus
E. faecalis E. faecium E. durans
37
What should you do if you ID an enterococcus? (2)
Suggest vancomycin susceptibility as some strains are resistant Suggest chromogenic VRE Medium
38
How could you identify Neisseria before carrying out tests (3)
Seen in pairs Often kidney shaped cocci Grown on chocolate agar
39
How could you identify moraxella before carrying out tests (3)
Cocci in pairs Tend to resist decolorisation Grown on chocolate agar
40
List the six clinically significant strains of Neisseria
N. gonorrhoeae N. meningitidis N. pharyngitis N. lactamica N. flavescens N. sica
41
List the clinically significant strains of Bacillus species (4)
Bacillus anthracis Bacillus cereus Bacillus subtilis Bacillus thuringenesis
42
What would indicate B. anthrax in a case study? (3)
Food poisoning from eating contaminated fried rice Contact with animals Anthrax -> skin (blister), lung, intestine, injection
43
How could you identify B. anthrax from a gram stain? (3)
Medusa head -> large tangled chains of bacilli Large, grey-white colonies No haemolysis
44
What species of Bacillus have B-haemolysis
Bacillus cereus Bacillus thuringenesis
45
What species of Bacillus have alpha-haemolysis
B.anthrax (usually no haemolysis) B. subtilis (definitely alpha)
46
What are the clinically significant species of Corynebacteria
C. diptheria C. ulcerans C. pseudotuberculosis Diptheroids
47
How would you know if you have a corynebacteria and not a listeria species
Corynebacteria grow on Tinsdale but listeria wont
48
What are the clinically significant species of Clostridium
C. botulinum C. difficile C. perfringens C. tetani
49
Where is C. botulinum found and what infections does it cause? (2)
Its an organism that produces a toxin in food/wound It causes botulism
50
Where is C. difficile found and what infections does it cause?
Often overgrows commensals in the gut during antibiotic therapy and can cause pseudomembranous colitis
51
What infection does C. tetani cause
Tetanus
52
How do you differentiate pseudomonas from enterobacterales
Pseudomonas is oxidase positive
53
List the five clinically significant species of Haemophilus
H. influenzae H. parainfluenzae H. ducreyi H. aegyptius H. aphrophilus
54
What species of proteus are clinically significant
Proteus mirabilis Proteus vulgaris
55
How can you identify proteus on an agar plate
Swarming colonies
56
What are the clinically significant strains of pseudomonas
P. aeruginosa P. fluorescence
57
List the genera that make up the family bacteroidaceae (4)
Bacteroides Poryphyromonas Prevotella Fusobacterium
58
What are the three clinically significant species of bacteroides?
B. fragilis B. oralis B. ureolyticus
59
What are the five strains of fusobacterium
F. nucleatum F. necrophorum F. periodonticum F. mortiferum F. necrophorum
60
What is the only clinically significant strain of pasteurella
P. multocida
61
What is the only clinically significant strain of prevotella?
Pr. melaninogenica

2.2 Microbiology (60 decks)

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