Data Based Decision Making Flashcards
What is data based decision making?
The collection of formal and informal information to help a student.
What are the four levels of data collection?
- Background data collection, techniques, and problem identification level. (Identify/define problem)
- Screening level. (Identify at risk students)
- Progress monitoring and RTI level. (Determine effectiveness of intervention)
- Formal assessment level (SPED evaluation).
What are some examples of informal data?
- Student files and records
- Staff interviews and comments about the student
- Medical records and reports
- Review of previous interventions
- Developmental history
What are advantages/disadvantages of a structured interview?
Ad: High validity/reliability. Responses can be compared to other children.
Disad: Unable to be modified to needs of child
What are advantages/disadvantages of unstructured interviews?
Ad: Can be adapted to needs of child.
Disad: Difficult to interpret, can’t be compared with norms.
What is a semi-structured interview?
Combines features of structured and unstructured interviews. Allow for flexibility and follow-up questions.
What is whole interval recording?
Behavior is recorded if it occurs during the entire time interval.
Good for continuous behaviors, or those that occur in short durations.
What is frequency/event recording?
Record the number of behaviors that occur in a specific time period.
What is duration recording?
Record the length of time a behavior lasts.
What is latency recording?
Record the time between the stimulus and the behavior.
What is time-sample interval recording?
Divide time period into equal intervals and record if behavior occurs during the interval.
Useful when beginning and end of behavior are hard to determine, or when observation is very brief.
What is partial interval recording?
Record if behavior occurs during time interval. If behavior occurs more than once in a time interval, it is counted as one occurrence.
Good for behaviors that occur at low rate or for inconsistent durations.
What is momentary time sampling?
Behavior is recorded if it is present at the moment a time interval begins.
Least biased method of behavior recording.
What is the BROAD purpose of universal screening?
To identify whether modifications are needed in the core curriculum, instruction, or general education.
What is the NARROW purpose of universal screening?
To guide decisions about additional or intensive instruction for specific students who need support beyond the broad level.
What is the least dangerous assumption?
It is better to side with false positives. This provides additional support to a student who may not need it rather than denying services to a child who does need them.
What are advantages and disadvantages of universal screeners?
Ad: cost effective, time efficient, easy to administer.
Disad: Risk of misclassifying students.
What is an example of a Curriculum Based Measure (CBM)?
STAR testing in WI.
DIBELS Reading fluency measures.
What is subskill mastery measurement (SMM)?
Determines if the specific intervention for the target behavior is effective. Collected very frequently, sometimes daily.
What is general outcome measurement (GOM)?
Data collected to determine if student is making progress toward long-range goals. Collected less frequently than SMM (weekly).
What are the three levels of analysis?
Variability in data
Level of data (average performance within a condition)
Trend in data (pattern of change in behavior across time)
What are some causes of variability in interventions?
Effectiveness of the intervention. How well does it change a behavior?
Confounding variables: Uncontrolled subject/environmental variables that affect data.
Measurement error.
What is the general rule of thumb for how much baseline data should be collected?
3-5 data points at a minimum.
When should an intervention be changed?
When two or three data points fall below the aim line.
When there are no correct responses for 3-4 sessions
When percentage of correct response is below 85% (acquisition).
What is the purpose of a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?
To identify the purpose or function of a student’s behavior and then develop a plan to modify factors that maintain that behavior.
What are the steps of an FBA?
- Define problem.
- Perform assessment.
- Evaluate assessment.
- Develop hypothesis.
- Formulate intervention plan.
- Start intervention plan.
- Evaluate effectiveness of intervention plan.
What is Curriculum Based Assessment (CBA)?
Broad assessment programs/processes that may be composed of multiple CBMs.
What are Curriculum Based Measures (CBM)?
Criterion-referenced assessments in which curriculum goals/items serve as the criteria.
What are ideal characteristics of CBMs?
- Systematic procedures for frequent collection of data.
- Examination of student performance across time.
- Identifies at risk students with normative data.
What tool is used in ecological asessment?
RIOT/ICEL Matrix
Instruction Curriculum Environment Learner
What are the criteria for ID?
Cognitive/adaptive deficits.
- Significantly below average score on cognitive test (SS<70)
- Origin of disability must occur prior to age 18.
- Deficits in adaptive areas (communication, self-care, social skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, employment, leisure, physical health issues)
What is the problem with using a translator on an assessment for ELL students?
Use of a translator is not best practice and is psychometrically weak if the test is not normed on the cultural group being assessed.
