Dash 1 Section 7 Flashcards
If you must fly through a thunderstorm how should you prepare?
Lock harness, make sure PROBES is on, tighten lap belt, and stow loose items.
How can you deal with lightning flashes?
Look at the instrument panel only and set instrument lighting to max.
What is the recommended penetration airspeed?
180 KIAS
What is the max penetration airspeed?
195 KIAS.
How should you fly in a thunderstorm?
Set an attitude, let altitude vary, set power to keep turbulent penetration airspeed. Don’t overcorrect, make minor adjustments.
What is wind shear?
A dramatic change in wind speed or direction over a short distance.
What classifies severe wind shear?
VSI changes greater than 500 fpm or airspeed changes greater than 15 knots
What’s a microburst?
A dangerous type of windshear. They usually only last 2-5 minutes, and are 2 miles in diameter. There have been measured downdrafts in excess of 6000 fpm.
What may be some indications of windshear?
Thunderstorm activity, gust front, temperature inversion passages, Virga, PIREPS, and low level wind shear alerts (LLWAS).
What are some windshear takeoff precautions?
Use takeoff flaps and the longest runway. Delay rotation until 10 knots higher than normal rotation speed. Once airborne do not accelerate to higher than normal climb airspeed because a lower pitch attitude may be a problem if windshear is encountered.
What are some precautions you should take for windshear approach?
T/O flaps and fly up to 10 knots faster; stabilize approach prior to descending below 10,000’ AGL. Avoid large power or airspeed changes. Be prepared to go-around.
Cloud to cloud lightning has been observed traveling up to what distances?
50 miles. With a greater potential near freezing level.
What is heated by the ANTI-ICE PROBES switch?
AOA sensor and pitot system.
How is the fuel system protected from icing?
External fairings prevent icing on the vent ports.
The aircraft has been approved for transit through what icing?
A 5,000’ band of light rime.
Aerobatics after icing are prohibited until icing is gone. What is allowed with icing?
1) . Maneuvers up to 30 deg bank
2) . 0-2.0 Gs normal acceleration
With ice accumulation landing speeds should be increased up to what?
10 KIAS
What’s the only method of deicing the canopy?
Heating with a max temperature of 150 deg F on the transparency.
What are the deicing methods and the only approved deicing agent?
Blowing, wiping, spraying. Propylene glycol (AMS 1424, Type I) diluted by water is authorized for spraying on the T-6 as a last resort.
What’s a caution you should be aware of regarding surfaces coated with deicing agent?
Don’t touch them because they soften when exposed to fluid above freezing temps.
The aircraft must be washed within how many days of using AMS-1424/deicing? How about if exposed to runway anti-icing/deicing materials?
- Rinsed in clean water within 48 hours.
Where should special care be exercised with deicing fluids?
Ram air intake duct to minimize potentially toxic fumes entering the cockpit prior to takeoff.
What is a caution to be aware of with deicing fluid and the canopy?
Prevent them from coming in contact with one another as it could cause damage to the canopy and windshields.
True/False. The brakes can hold the aircraft on snow covered or icy runways with the PCL at MAX.
False.
After takeoff from a runway covered with snow or slush what should you do?
Cycle the gear and flaps several times to prevent freezing and operate the brakes to expel wet snow or slush.
When does the potential for icing exist?
If the aircraft is operated in visible moisture at air temps of 5 deg C or below.
Where will ice first form on the aircraft?
Windshield and wing leading edges.
If ice is encountered what should you do?
Ascend/descend out of the icing band. Make sure PROBES is ON, defog ON, temp controller MANUAL, and evap blower to HIGH.
What should you perform prior to landing if you have ice accumulation?
A controllability check.
Hydroplaning can occur in less than how many inches of water/slush?
0.1.
What can you do to improve braking and reduce chance of hydroplaning?
Select flaps to UP immediately on touchdown to increase WoW.
What are the two primary factors of hydroplaning?
Ground speed and tire pressure.
Hydroplaning does what to aircraft control and braking?
Reduced coefficient of friction which lessens braking and steering effectiveness and crosswind control.
True/False. Applying brake pressure to tires which have slowed or nearly stopped because of hydroplaning will improve the coefficient of friction.
False.
At high ground speeds on a wet runway braking effectiveness is what of normal?
1/3rd. 1/5th for slush.
What factors may affect the start, extent and duration of hydroplaning?
Tire tread depth and design, depth of water, roughness of runway surface, tire inflation pressure, and aircraft ground speed.
What does a crowned runway do?
Enable water to drain more effectively and prevents deep accumulation thus reducing hydroplaning.
Minimum total hydroplaning speed is dependent on what?
Tire inflation pressure. Higher pressure, less chance of hydroplaning.
How do you calculate hydroplaning speed in knots?
Divide hydroplaning speed in mph by 1.15 -___-
When can hydroplaning occur for the nose tire and main tires?
Above 85 knots for the nose tire.
Above 115 knots for the main tires.
When is preheating of the engine recommended?
Extreme cold (below -29 deg C)
What amp draw may be expected during engine starts in extreme cold?
To the limit of -50 A.
A ground power unit (GPU) is recommended for starts below what temperature?
-18 deg C.
What may occur with oil pressure in cold conditions?
High oil pressure and OIL PX annunciator may illuminate after start.
When should oil pressure be at an acceptable range following a cold start?
2 minutes
With the bleed air on at cold temperatures what may occur?
There may be a higher airflow and cockpit pressure in an attempt for the ECS to regulate cockpit pressure.
What else besides high oil pressure may occur in low temperature conditions?
OBOGS FAIL. There must be 3 minutes of continued OBOGS without failure of the BIT prior to takeoff
What’s a caution regarding turning on the digital instruments?
Turning them on at OATs below -21 deg C may shorten the instrument service life. Make sure they have warmed up prior to turning them on.
What’s a caution regarding taxiing through hard packed snow or ice?
Painted areas are more slippery than unpainted areas when wet. NWS may not be completely effective
To stop moisture from entering the fuel system in cold conditions what should you do?
Park with full fuel tanks if possible and install protective covers.
Why should you park in hangars in cold conditions?
Ice may accumulate on the ventral fin causing the aircraft to settle on the tail which will damage the aircraft.
What are some of the difficulties encountered in hot weather ops?
High ITT during start, overheating brakes, high oil temp at IDLE, longer takeoff and landing rolls, and moisture condensation on the aircraft. Also damage to rubber/plastic.
Extended exposure to high temperatures without installing sun shields could cause what?
Exceeding avionics storage temperature and premature avionics failures.
How should you clean the transparencies?
Use a light coat of plastic polish. Don’t clean dirt or dust on a dry transparency and remove jewelry and watches beforehand.
What should you never use on the canopy?
Gasoline, benzene, acetone, tetrachlorode, fire extinguisher, anti-ice fluid, lacquer thinner or glass cleaner.
How should you taxi in desert/hot weather ops?
Minimum power to reduce blowing of sand and prop/canopy damage and brakes as little as possible.
What should you expect about takeoff and IAS in hot weather ops?
Longer ground roll, less acceleration, ground speed increased for the same IAS when compared to cooler temp ops.
How can you achieve the best cockpit cooling below 7500’ MSL?
Set RAM AIR switch to OFF.
