Dash 1 Section 6 Flashcards
What does a reversible flight control system mean?
Aerodynamic forces are fed back to the pilot from each control surface through a system of push rods, cables and pulleys.
What do the bobweight and downspring do?
They increase force in the pitch axis. The bob weight increases pitch force as G forces increase (maneuvering flight) and the downspring increases pitch force about the trim speed in steady state conditions.
What is pitch force during maneuvering flight conditions?
9 lbs/G for aft centers of gravity and 12 lbs/G for fwd centers of gravity
As airspeed increases, trim appears to become more/less effective?
More effective. This is noticeable in the roll and yaw axes.
At forward centers of gravity near _________trim will be required at final approach speed.
Full pitch up
At forward centers of gravity how much pull force will be required to maintain approach speed with power at IDLE?
8 lbs
At approach speeds or below with flaps in the LDG position and 100% torque, how much rudder trim is needed?
Full nose-right rudder trim
Directional trim is a function of what four things?
Torque, indicated airspeed, pressure altitude, and pitch rate
During what two situations is the pilot most likely to encounter TAD-induced rudder feedback?
Over-the-top aerobatic maneuvers and large power changes at low airspeeds
Lowering the flaps to LDG does what to the aircraft?
Induces buffeting and a slight pitch up.
Extending the speed brake does what to the aircraft?
Produces a slight pitch up which is countered by an elevator trim interconnect.
What prevents use of the speed brake with flaps extended?
A flap/speed brake interconnect (lockout)
What exacerbated light longitudinal forces?
Slipstream effects caused by power
This aircraft has a yawning tendency at high roll rates which is greatest for what?
Uncoordinated rolling pullouts greater than 2 G
How can you minimize yaw in asymmetric maneuvers?
1) maintain coordinated roll and yaw control inputs
2) If rolling pullouts are greater than +2G uncoordinated, limit roll to one half lateral stick
3) if uncoordinated rolling at -1G, max bank angle change is 180 degrees
What factors affect glide performance?
Airspeed, configuration, angle of bank, and coordination of flight (rudder ball centered)
What are the best glide speeds configured and unconfigured?
125 KIAS, feathered prop, wings level
105 KIAS, gear and flaps down
True/False. With the engine out, the flaps cannot be deployed.
False. The flaps can be deployed, but it must be after the landing gear is extended through the emergency hydraulic accumulator.
Is use if the speed brake possible in a power-off (engine out) glide?
No. There’s no normal hydraulic pressure.
The stick shaker and natural buffet occur how many knots above stall speed?
5-10 knots for stick shaker
3 knots for natural buffet
With power at 100% a pitch attitude of what is possible for a wings level stall
45 deg nose up
What characterizes a stall?
An uncommanded nose or wing drop/roll off
With power off stalls there tends to be a roll off to the __________ and with power on stalls there tends to be a roll off to the __________.
Right. Left.
Full right rudder and full right aileron may not prevent a left roll-off at stall above what torque?
60%
What effect do the landing gear, flaps, speed brake and fuel imbalance have on the stall characteristics?
Flaps aggravate the roll-off tendency.
The other three have little or negligible effect.
How can you recognize an inverted stall?
Lighter aileron forces, nose wandering tendency, little buffet, airspeed will suddenly decrease to zero.
Power-off: slow nose drop with full forward stick
Power-on (100% torque): pitch attitude 30 deg above horizon with full forward stick
What characterizes an accelerated (turning) stall?
More pronounced buffet, abrupt lateral roll off towards or away from the turn
Sustained heavy buffet above how many Gs in an accelerated stall can damage the fuselage/empennage?
3.0
Altitude lost during a recovery from a wings level stall is usually less than what?
100 feet
What is the definition of OCF?
A situation in which the aircraft does not respond immediately and in a normal sense to application of flight controls.
What are the three categories of OCF?
Poststall gyrations, incipient spins, steady-state spins.
What are post-stall gyrations?
Uncommanded and rapid aircraft motions about any axis, stalled or near stalled AOA, random turn needle deflections, erratic airspeed
What is an incipient spin?
A spin like motion before the OCF progresses to steady state. Sustained yaw, oscillations in pitch, roll and yaw, fully deflected turn needle, stalled AOA, and airspeed moving towards a steady state value.
How long is the incipient spin phase?
Approximately 2 turns.
How much altitude does a steady state spin lose?
4500 feet in 6 turns
What is a spiral?
A rolling/yawing motion where the airspeed increases through 160 KIAS
What two things must occur for a spin to happen?
Stalled wings and sustained yaw.
Spin entry attitudes greater then how many degrees nose high may result in low oil pressure and engine damage?
50 degrees NH
Spins below ______ are prohibited due to high stresses on the propeller which occur when propeller RPM is below ________.
10,000’ MSL; 80%
What are some characterizations of an erect spin?
Initial 60 deg NL pitch, after 3 turns near steady state, 2-3 s/turn, 400-500’ altitude lost/turn, AOA 18+, 120-135 KIAS airspeed, turn needle fully deflected
How do ailerons affect spins?
If in same direction, more oscillations. If in opposite direction, more damped out spin.
What is a progressive spin?
Reversing rudder direction and thus reversing spin direction. Aircraft will rotate 1.5-2 more turns then reverse direction. Airspeed will increase through 175 KIAS in reversal
What is an aggravated spin?
Maintaining pro-spin rudder with control stick forward which will lead to 70 deg NL pitch down and 280 deg/S roll rate.
What is the main cause for inverted spins?
High torque
What characterizes inverted spins?
Flatter spins, about 30 deg NL, 40 knots of airspeed, AOA of 0, and -1.5 G
If control stick remains at full aft for more than 4 turns in a spin what may occur?
It may be impossible to recover the aircraft from the spin. Approximately 2000’ altitude will be lost.
If an inverted or power-on departure/spin is encountered what should the pilot assume?
Engine damage, low oil pressure and CHIP light
What four factors determine altitude loss in a dive recovery?
Altitude, airspeed, dive angle, and acceleration (G-loading).
