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T3 - patho unit 2 > Dani - neoplasia > Flashcards

Dani - neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

____: abnormal swelling

A

tumor

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2
Q

___ = new growth

A

neoplasia

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3
Q

___: denotes malignant growth

A

cancer

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4
Q

___: study of tumors

A

oncology

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5
Q

neoplasia: ____ cell proliferation

A

uncontrollable

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6
Q

neoplasia is _____; function independenly, replicated steadily and competes with normal cells for their metabolic needs

A

autonomous

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7
Q

tumor shape and texture:

  • polypoid is usually ____
  • ulcerated is more associated with ____ behavior
A

benign

aggressive

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8
Q

tumors have 2 basic components

  • ____
  • __ ___
A

parenchyma

supporting stroma

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9
Q

____: transformed or neoplastic cell

A

parenchyma

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10
Q

supporting stroma: __ ___ and ___ ___

A

connective tissue

blood vessels

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11
Q

nomenclature of tumors depends on:

  • cell of ___
  • ___ of tumor
A

origin

behavior

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12
Q

____ tumor: from which tumor arises

A

benign

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13
Q

___ tumor: often called cancer

A

malignant

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14
Q

carcinomas

  • arise from __ cells
  • named by ___ of epithelium
A

epithelial

type

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15
Q

sarcomas

  • arise from ___ tissues
  • named by ___ ___ of tumor
A

mesenchymal

cell components

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16
Q

mixed tumor

- composed of cells arising from ___ and ___ tissues

A

epithelial

mesenchymal

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17
Q

___: suggests benign tumor arising from hepatocytes

A

hepatoma

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18
Q

hepatoma is ___ even though name suggests otherwise

A

MALIGNANT

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19
Q

___: suggest benign tumor arising from melanocytes

A

melanoma

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20
Q

melanoma is highly ___

A

malignant

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21
Q

____: suggests tumor but is a mass of mature disorganized tissue related to an organ

A

hamartoma

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22
Q

benign tumors are fully ____ and resemble very closely normal ones

A

differentiated

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23
Q

benign tumors have rare ___

A

mitoses

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24
Q

benign tumors have ___ structural pattern

A

normal

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25
malignant tumors have a ___ range of cell differentiation either - ___ OR - completely ____
WIDE differentiated undifferentiated
26
___: cells have no morphologic resemblance to normal tissue
anaplastic
27
malignant tumors nuclei is: - ____ size and shape - ___, increased DNA - ___ ____ chromatic - ____ nucleoli
variable hyperchromic coarse clumped prominent
28
malignant tumor | - ___ mitosis
numerous
29
malignant tumors have ectopic hormones like ___
ACTH
30
malignant tumors have abnormal enzymes like ___ ___
acid phosphatase
31
benign tumors grow very ___
slow
32
malignant tumors grow very ___
fast
33
malignant tumors stimulates growth of new capillaries = ____
angiogenesis
34
malginant tumors are influenced by ___
hormones
35
benign tumors are ____ - have no ____ of surrounding tissues - ___ - easily ____ - no ___ to distant sites
``` encapsulated invasion moveable enucleated spread ```
36
malignant tumors - never develop ____ - ___ and __ tissue around
capsules infiltrate destroy
37
invasiveness of malignant tumors depends on: - physical ____ on surrounding tissues - secretion of ____ - low ___ - loss of contact ____ - ___ of adjacent tissue
``` pressure enzymes adhesiveness inhibition vulnerability ```
38
____: transfer of malignant cells from one site to another not directly connected with it --> secondary implants discontinuous with primary
metastasis
39
___ is the most important difference of malignant tumors from benign tumors
metastasis
40
routes of spread | - direct seeding of ___ ___
body cavities
41
3 body cavities that are seeded by metastasis
peritoneal pleural pericardial
42
lymph spread is common for ___
carcinomas
43
hematogenous spread is common for ___
sarcomas
44
malignant tumors spread --> 1st regional lymph nodes --> then to ___ lymph nodes ---> ___ ___ to blood
distal | thoracic duct
45
hematogenous spread move to which 2 organs
liver | lung
46
detects level of malignancy based on ___ of cell differentiation and number of ___
degree | mitoses
47
carcinoma is graded ____
numerically
48
sarcoma is graded ___
descriptively
49
TNM system: | T = ___ of primary lesion
size
50
T1= less than __cm
2
51
T2 = __-___ cm
2-5
52
T3 = more than __ cm
5
53
T4 = ____ adjacent structures with any size
infiltration
54
TNM system | N = extend of ___ spread to lymph nodes
regional
55
N0 = __ involved
not
56
N1 = involved, ___
mobile
57
N2 = involved, ___
fixed
58
TNM system | M = presence or absence of distant ___
metastases
59
M0 = ____
absent
60
M1 = present in ___ organ
1
61
M2 = present in ___ organ
2+
62
cancer more common in those ____-___
55-75
63
__: genes whose products are associated with neoplastic transformation
oncogenes
64
effects of tumors: | - ___ of lumen in hollow organs
obstruction
65
effects of tumors: | - ___ of tissue due to local invasiveness
destruction
66
effects of tumors | - ___ from ulcerated area or eroded vessel
bleeding
67
effect of tumors | - ___; compression of blood supply
infarction
68
effect of tumor | - ___ production
hormone
69
effect of tumor | - ___: progressive weight loss and profound weakness
cachexia
70
____ disorders: manifestation distant from primary lesion that are not directly related to metastases
paraneoplastic

T3 - patho unit 2 (8 decks)

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