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T3 - patho unit 2 > Dani - neoplasia > Flashcards

Dani - neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

____: abnormal swelling

A

tumor

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2
Q

___ = new growth

A

neoplasia

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3
Q

___: denotes malignant growth

A

cancer

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4
Q

___: study of tumors

A

oncology

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5
Q

neoplasia: ____ cell proliferation

A

uncontrollable

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6
Q

neoplasia is _____; function independenly, replicated steadily and competes with normal cells for their metabolic needs

A

autonomous

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7
Q

tumor shape and texture:

  • polypoid is usually ____
  • ulcerated is more associated with ____ behavior
A

benign

aggressive

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8
Q

tumors have 2 basic components

  • ____
  • __ ___
A

parenchyma

supporting stroma

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9
Q

____: transformed or neoplastic cell

A

parenchyma

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10
Q

supporting stroma: __ ___ and ___ ___

A

connective tissue

blood vessels

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11
Q

nomenclature of tumors depends on:

  • cell of ___
  • ___ of tumor
A

origin

behavior

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12
Q

____ tumor: from which tumor arises

A

benign

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13
Q

___ tumor: often called cancer

A

malignant

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14
Q

carcinomas

  • arise from __ cells
  • named by ___ of epithelium
A

epithelial

type

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15
Q

sarcomas

  • arise from ___ tissues
  • named by ___ ___ of tumor
A

mesenchymal

cell components

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16
Q

mixed tumor

- composed of cells arising from ___ and ___ tissues

A

epithelial

mesenchymal

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17
Q

___: suggests benign tumor arising from hepatocytes

A

hepatoma

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18
Q

hepatoma is ___ even though name suggests otherwise

A

MALIGNANT

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19
Q

___: suggest benign tumor arising from melanocytes

A

melanoma

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20
Q

melanoma is highly ___

A

malignant

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21
Q

____: suggests tumor but is a mass of mature disorganized tissue related to an organ

A

hamartoma

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22
Q

benign tumors are fully ____ and resemble very closely normal ones

A

differentiated

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23
Q

benign tumors have rare ___

A

mitoses

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24
Q

benign tumors have ___ structural pattern

A

normal

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25
Q

malignant tumors have a ___ range of cell differentiation either
- ___
OR
- completely ____

A

WIDE
differentiated
undifferentiated

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26
Q

___: cells have no morphologic resemblance to normal tissue

A

anaplastic

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27
Q

malignant tumors nuclei is:

  • ____ size and shape
  • ___, increased DNA
  • ___ ____ chromatic
  • ____ nucleoli
A

variable
hyperchromic
coarse clumped
prominent

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28
Q

malignant tumor

- ___ mitosis

A

numerous

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29
Q

malignant tumors have ectopic hormones like ___

A

ACTH

30
Q

malignant tumors have abnormal enzymes like ___ ___

A

acid phosphatase

31
Q

benign tumors grow very ___

A

slow

32
Q

malignant tumors grow very ___

A

fast

33
Q

malignant tumors stimulates growth of new capillaries = ____

A

angiogenesis

34
Q

malginant tumors are influenced by ___

A

hormones

35
Q

benign tumors are ____

  • have no ____ of surrounding tissues
  • ___
  • easily ____
  • no ___ to distant sites
A 
encapsulated
invasion
moveable
enucleated
spread
36
Q

malignant tumors

  • never develop ____
  • ___ and __ tissue around
A

capsules
infiltrate
destroy

37
Q

invasiveness of malignant tumors depends on:

  • physical ____ on surrounding tissues
  • secretion of ____
  • low ___
  • loss of contact ____
  • ___ of adjacent tissue
A 
pressure
enzymes
adhesiveness
inhibition
vulnerability
38
Q

____: transfer of malignant cells from one site to another not directly connected with it –> secondary implants discontinuous with primary

A

metastasis

39
Q

___ is the most important difference of malignant tumors from benign tumors

A

metastasis

40
Q

routes of spread

- direct seeding of ___ ___

A

body cavities

41
Q

3 body cavities that are seeded by metastasis

A

peritoneal
pleural
pericardial

42
Q

lymph spread is common for ___

A

carcinomas

43
Q

hematogenous spread is common for ___

A

sarcomas

44
Q

malignant tumors spread –> 1st regional lymph nodes –> then to ___ lymph nodes —> ___ ___ to blood

A

distal

thoracic duct

45
Q

hematogenous spread move to which 2 organs

A

liver

lung

46
Q

detects level of malignancy based on ___ of cell differentiation and number of ___

A

degree

mitoses

47
Q

carcinoma is graded ____

A

numerically

48
Q

sarcoma is graded ___

A

descriptively

49
Q

TNM system:

T = ___ of primary lesion

A

size

50
Q

T1= less than __cm

A

2

51
Q

T2 = __-___ cm

A

2-5

52
Q

T3 = more than __ cm

A

5

53
Q

T4 = ____ adjacent structures with any size

A

infiltration

54
Q

TNM system

N = extend of ___ spread to lymph nodes

A

regional

55
Q

N0 = __ involved

A

not

56
Q

N1 = involved, ___

A

mobile

57
Q

N2 = involved, ___

A

fixed

58
Q

TNM system

M = presence or absence of distant ___

A

metastases

59
Q

M0 = ____

A

absent

60
Q

M1 = present in ___ organ

A

1

61
Q

M2 = present in ___ organ

A

2+

62
Q

cancer more common in those ____-___

A

55-75

63
Q

__: genes whose products are associated with neoplastic transformation

A

oncogenes

64
Q

effects of tumors:

- ___ of lumen in hollow organs

A

obstruction

65
Q

effects of tumors:

- ___ of tissue due to local invasiveness

A

destruction

66
Q

effects of tumors

- ___ from ulcerated area or eroded vessel

A

bleeding

67
Q

effect of tumors

- ___; compression of blood supply

A

infarction

68
Q

effect of tumor

- ___ production

A

hormone

69
Q

effect of tumor

- ___: progressive weight loss and profound weakness

A

cachexia

70
Q

____ disorders: manifestation distant from primary lesion that are not directly related to metastases

A

paraneoplastic

T3 - patho unit 2 (8 decks)

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