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T3 - patho unit 2 > Dani - immunopathology I > Flashcards

Dani - immunopathology I Flashcards

1
Q

____ (____-____) immunity: inherited and do not depend on previous exposure

A

natural

non-specific

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2
Q

___ line of defense: mechanical (skin), cilia in trachea and bronchi, nasal and gastric secretions

A

first

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3
Q

___ line of defense: lysozymes, complement and phagocytic cells

A

second

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4
Q

___ (____) immunity: specific response following exposure to a particular antigen

A

acquired

specific

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5
Q

essential features of immune system

- ___ : for one particular antigen

A

specificity

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6
Q

essential features of immune system

- ___ : can recognize different antigens

A

diversity

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7
Q

essential features of immune system

- ____: to previous antigens, responsible for rapid, higher and persistent secondary immune response

A

memory

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8
Q

essential features of immune system

- ____: by releasing cytokines that recruit and activate other defense mechanisms

A

recruitment

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9
Q

immunopathology: 3 groups of diseases

A

hypersensitivity
autoimmune
immunologic deficiency

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10
Q

___: abnormal exaggerated immune reaction resulting in tissue injury

A

allergy

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11
Q

4 types of allergies

type I =

A

immediate (anaphylactic)

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12
Q

4 types of allergies

type II =

A

cytotoxic

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13
Q

4 types of allergies

type III =

A

immune complex

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14
Q

4 types of allergies

type IV =

A

cell mediated hypersensitivity

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15
Q

type I = immediate (anaphylactic) reaction

  • mechanism
    • 1st exposure stimulates humoral AB (___) —> binds to ___ cells and blood ____
A

IgE
mast
basophils

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16
Q

type I = immediate (anaphylactic) reaction

  • mechanism
    • subsequent exposure, the allergen reacts with fixed ___ –> degranulation of ___ cells –> release of ___
A

AB
mast
histamine

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17
Q

___: local form (affecting 1 organ) of type I allergies

A

Atopy

18
Q

atopy is a response to ___ or ___ environmental allergens

A

ingested

inhaled

19
Q

atopy effects __% of the population

A

10

20
Q

atopy has a strong ___ ___

A

familial predisposition

21
Q

___: systemic form of type 1 allergies

A

anaphylaxis

22
Q

anaphylaxis releases ___ amines into circulation

A

vasoactive

23
Q

anaphylaxis follows injection of ___

A

allergens

24
Q

type II: cytotoxic reaction and antibody mediated rxn
- specific humoral antibody (_____ or ____) reacts with cell membrane antigen, activates the complement resulting in cell lysis

A

IgG

IgM

25
Q

clinical types of type II alergies

- transfusion reaction due to blood _____: AB in reciepient serum reacts against antigen on transfused RBCs

A

incompatibility

26
Q

clinical types of type II alergies

- ___ incapatibility: maternal AB to fetal RBC antigen (Rh) cross the placenta (IgG)

A

Rh

27
Q

clinical types of type II alergies

- ___ ___ ___: autoantibodies to RBCs

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

28
Q

clinical types of type II alergies
- ___ ___: autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction, compete with ACh for the ACh receptors, inhibiing synaptic transmission leading to profound muscle weakness

A

myasthenia gravis

29
Q

clinical types of type II alergies
- ___ ___: autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone receptors on follicular cells –> stimulation of cells –> hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s disease

30
Q

clinical types of type II alergies
- ____ ___: formation of AB (IgG) to atigens common in glomeruli and pulmonary basement membranes –> AB reacts with basement membrane antigen –> activates complement reulting in different things in lungs and kidneys

A

goodpasture’s syndrome

31
Q

Goodpasture’s syndrome in the lung (3)

A

hemorrhage
necrosis
fibrosis

32
Q

Goodpasture’s syndrome in the kidney (3)

A

glomerulonephritis
fibrosis
failure

33
Q

type III: immune complex reaction
- reaction of AB (___ or ___) with antigen reults in the formation of soluble immune complexes –> deposition of immune complexes in various tissues –> activation of complement –> acute ___ and ___ damage

A

IgG
IgM
inflammation
tissue

34
Q 
type III allergies
systemic form
- \_\_ sickness
- \_\_\_ \_\_\_
- systemic \_\_\_ \_\_\_
A

serum
rheumatoid arthritis
lupus erythematosus

35
Q

type III allergies
local form
- inhalation of moldy hay: ___ ___
- inhalation of moldy cheese: ___ ___ __

A

farmers lung

cheese makers lung

36
Q

type IV; cell mediated hypersensitivity

- mediated by __ cells rather than antibodies

A

T

37
Q

type IV allerges
2 types of reactions
- ___ ___ hypersensitivity
- ___ ___ ___ cytotoxicity

A

T cell mediated

38
Q

type IV allergies
DTH: delayed type hypersensitivity
- mediated by ___ cells

A

CD4

39
Q

type IV allergies
T cell mediatd cytotoxicity
- release of IL 2 for activation of ___ and gamma interferon for activation of macrophages

A

CD8

40
Q

3 clinical types of type IV allergies

  • contact ____
  • killing of ___ and ___ infected cells
  • ___ rejections
A

dermatitis
tumors; virus
transplant

T3 - patho unit 2 (8 decks)

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