Dani - immunopathology I

Question 1

____ (____-____) immunity: inherited and do not depend on previous exposure

Answer 1

natural

non-specific

Question 2

___ line of defense: mechanical (skin), cilia in trachea and bronchi, nasal and gastric secretions

Answer 2

first

Question 3

___ line of defense: lysozymes, complement and phagocytic cells

Answer 3

second

Question 4

___ (____) immunity: specific response following exposure to a particular antigen

Answer 4

acquired

specific

Question 5

essential features of immune system

- ___ : for one particular antigen

Answer 5

specificity

Question 6

essential features of immune system

- ___ : can recognize different antigens

Answer 6

diversity

Question 7

essential features of immune system

- ____: to previous antigens, responsible for rapid, higher and persistent secondary immune response

Answer 7

memory

Question 8

essential features of immune system

- ____: by releasing cytokines that recruit and activate other defense mechanisms

Answer 8

recruitment

Question 9

immunopathology: 3 groups of diseases

Answer 9

hypersensitivity
autoimmune
immunologic deficiency

Question 10

___: abnormal exaggerated immune reaction resulting in tissue injury

Answer 10

allergy

Question 11

4 types of allergies

type I =

Answer 11

immediate (anaphylactic)

Question 12

4 types of allergies

type II =

Answer 12

cytotoxic

Question 13

4 types of allergies

type III =

Answer 13

immune complex

Question 14

4 types of allergies

type IV =

Answer 14

cell mediated hypersensitivity

Question 15

type I = immediate (anaphylactic) reaction

• mechanism
• • 1st exposure stimulates humoral AB (___) —> binds to ___ cells and blood ____

Answer 15

IgE
mast
basophils

Question 16

type I = immediate (anaphylactic) reaction

• mechanism
• • subsequent exposure, the allergen reacts with fixed ___ –> degranulation of ___ cells –> release of ___

Answer 16

AB
mast
histamine

Question 17

___: local form (affecting 1 organ) of type I allergies

Answer 17

Atopy

Question 18

atopy is a response to ___ or ___ environmental allergens

Answer 18

ingested

inhaled

Question 19

atopy effects __% of the population

Answer 19

10

Question 20

atopy has a strong ___ ___

Answer 20

familial predisposition

Question 21

___: systemic form of type 1 allergies

Answer 21

anaphylaxis

Question 22

anaphylaxis releases ___ amines into circulation

Answer 22

vasoactive

Question 23

anaphylaxis follows injection of ___

Answer 23

allergens

Question 24

type II: cytotoxic reaction and antibody mediated rxn
- specific humoral antibody (_____ or ____) reacts with cell membrane antigen, activates the complement resulting in cell lysis

Answer 24

IgG

IgM

Question 25

clinical types of type II alergies | - transfusion reaction due to blood _____: AB in reciepient serum reacts against antigen on transfused RBCs

Answer 25

incompatibility

Question 26

clinical types of type II alergies | - ___ incapatibility: maternal AB to fetal RBC antigen (Rh) cross the placenta (IgG)

Answer 26

Rh

Question 27

clinical types of type II alergies | - ___ ___ ___: autoantibodies to RBCs

Answer 27

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 28

clinical types of type II alergies - ___ ___: autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction, compete with ACh for the ACh receptors, inhibiing synaptic transmission leading to profound muscle weakness

Answer 28

myasthenia gravis

Question 29

clinical types of type II alergies - ___ ___: autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone receptors on follicular cells --> stimulation of cells --> hyperthyroidism

Answer 29

Grave's disease

Question 30

clinical types of type II alergies - ____ ___: formation of AB (IgG) to atigens common in glomeruli and pulmonary basement membranes --> AB reacts with basement membrane antigen --> activates complement reulting in different things in lungs and kidneys

Answer 30

goodpasture's syndrome

Question 31

Goodpasture's syndrome in the lung (3)

Answer 31

hemorrhage necrosis fibrosis

Question 32

Goodpasture's syndrome in the kidney (3)

Answer 32

glomerulonephritis fibrosis failure

Question 33

type III: immune complex reaction - reaction of AB (___ or ___) with antigen reults in the formation of soluble immune complexes --> deposition of immune complexes in various tissues --> activation of complement --> acute ___ and ___ damage

Answer 33

IgG IgM inflammation tissue

Question 34

``` type III allergies systemic form - __ sickness - ___ ___ - systemic ___ ___ ```

Answer 34

serum rheumatoid arthritis lupus erythematosus

Question 35

type III allergies local form - inhalation of moldy hay: ___ ___ - inhalation of moldy cheese: ___ ___ __

Answer 35

farmers lung | cheese makers lung

Question 36

type IV; cell mediated hypersensitivity | - mediated by __ cells rather than antibodies

Answer 36

T

Question 37

type IV allerges 2 types of reactions - ___ ___ hypersensitivity - ___ ___ ___ cytotoxicity

Answer 37

T cell mediated

Question 38

type IV allergies DTH: delayed type hypersensitivity - mediated by ___ cells

Answer 38

CD4

Question 39

type IV allergies T cell mediatd cytotoxicity - release of IL 2 for activation of ___ and gamma interferon for activation of macrophages

Answer 39

CD8

Question 40

3 clinical types of type IV allergies - contact ____ - killing of ___ and ___ infected cells - ___ rejections

Answer 40

dermatitis tumors; virus transplant