Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

T3 - patho unit 2 > Dani - hemodynamic dysfunction II > Flashcards

Dani - hemodynamic dysfunction II Flashcards

1
Q

____: accumulation of excess fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces and body cavities

A

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

___: edema in the pleural cavity

A

hydrothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

___: fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____: fluid in the pericardial cavity

A

hydropericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

edema can be ___ or ___

A

local

generalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pitting edema: ___ of the fluid filled tissue

A

inelasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

colloidal osmotic pressure of plasma proteins tries to bring blood back into the ____

A

capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

increase capillary hydrostatic pressure = protein poor ____

A

transudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

increase capillary permeability = protein rich ____

A

exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ edema: increase capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

hemodynamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______ edema: increase capillary permeability

A

inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

decrease collodial osmotic pressure of plasma protein in the liver = _____ protein synthesis

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

decrease collodial osmotic pressure of plasma protein in the kidney = ____ syndrome

A

nephrotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

increase tissue osmotic pressure = ____ retention

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____: obstruction of lymphatics

A

lymphedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

obstruction of lymphatics = malignancy, surgery, radiation therapy and ____

A

filariasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

___: massive lymphedema of the scrotum and left lower extremity

A

elephantiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

generalized edema caused by the heart

  • left ventricular failure
  • ____ renal blood flow
  • secretion of ___
  • increase ____ production
  • retention of ___ and ___
  • ___ blood volume
  • EDEMA
A 
decreased
renin
aldosterone
sodium; water
increased
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

generalized edema caused by the heart

  • right ventricular failure
  • ____ venous pressure
  • ____ reabsorption of tissue fluids
  • EDEMA
A

increased

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

generalized edema caused by the kidneys

  • acute glomerulonephritis
  • ___ GFR
  • ___ and ___ retention
  • EDEMA
A

decreased

sodium; water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

generalized edema caused by the kidneys

  • massive ____
  • ___ colloidal osmotic pressure of plasma protein
  • EDEMA
A

proteinuria

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

acute nephritis

- degree of edema

A

slight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

nephrotic syndrome

- degree of edema

A

massive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

acute nephritis

- distribution

A

loose tissue as in around eyes and ankles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

nephrotic syndrome

- distribution

A

more generalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

acute nephritis

- degree of proteinuria

A

moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

nephrotic syndrom

- degree of proteinuria

A

gross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

acute nephritis

- colloidal osmotic pressure of plasma proteins is ____

A

noraml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

nephrotic syndrome

- colloidal osmotic pressure of plasma proteins is ____

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

acute nephritis

- cause of edema

A

fluid retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

nephrotic syndrome

- cause of edema

A

decreased plasma osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

hepatic (liver)

  • decreased protein synthesis and portal hypertension
  • ___ colloidal osmotic pressure of plasma proteins
  • EDEMA
A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

nutritional

  • protein malnutrition
  • ____ colloidal osmotic pressure of plasma proteins
  • EDEMA
A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

inflammatory edema

  • ____ cascular permeability
  • ___ hydrostatic pressure to arteriolar dilation (=exudate)
A

increase

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

edema due to localized venous obstruction

  • ___ hydrostatic pressure
  • leads to ____, ___ ___, and ___
A

increased
thrombosis
varicose veins
compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

edema due to lymph obstruction

  • surgery, cancer, parasites
  • early stage, edema is ____
  • later, edema becomes ____, _____ and __-___
A

pitting
fibrosed
thickened
non-pitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

pulmonary edema caused by ___ ____ heart failure

A

left sided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

__ ___: absence of lymph drainage in the brain predisposes to edema formation

A

cerebral edema

39
Q

cause of cerebral edema

A

trauma
inflammation
neoplasms
vascular lesions

40
Q

cerebral edema can cause death by compression of __ ___

A

cardiorespiratory centers

41
Q

____: increase of blood due to active arterial dilation (can be physiologic/pathologic)

A

hyperemia

42
Q

___: passive increase of blood due to impaired venous drainage

A

congestion

43
Q

localized congestion: due to ___ obstruction

A

venous

44
Q

generalized congestion: ___ heart failure

A

right

45
Q

physiologic hyperemia: ____ ____ ___

A

muscles during exercise

46
Q

pathologic hyperemia: ___

A

inflammation

47
Q

pulmonary congestion:

  • ____ ventricular failure
  • alveolar ____ are engorged, dilated and tortuous
  • alveolar macrophages engulf _____
  • migrate to interstitial tissue and lymph nodes
  • death of macrophages releases ____ in interstitial fluid
  • ___ and ___
  • ____ ___ of the lung
A 
left
capillaries
hemosiderin
hemosiderin
irritation; fibrosis
brown induration
48
Q

liver congestion:

- ____ veins and ____ part of sinudoids ____

A

central

central

49
Q

liver cells during liver congestion (early)

  • central zone: _____
  • peripheral zone: ____ liver; ___ change
A

atrophy
nutmeg
fatty

50
Q

liver cells during liver congestion (late)

  • central: ___ and ____
  • contraction of fibrous tissue –> cardiac ____
A

necrosis;fibrosis

cirrhosis

51
Q

splenic congestion

  • liver __, portal ___
  • venous sinuses ___ and ___ with blood
  • hemorrhagic foci and ____ deposit
A

cirrhosis; hypertension
enlarged; distended
hemosiderin

52
Q

____: a solid mass formed from blood constituents within heart and blood vessels during life

A

thrombus

53
Q

thrombosis

  • formation of ___ ___
  • ___ of blood
  • ____
A

platelet plug
coagulation
fibrinolysis

54
Q

formation of platelet plug

  • injury of endothelium exposes ____ collagen
  • adhesion of ___ to exposed collagen
  • ___ ___ ___: secretion of ADP
  • platelet ____
A

subendothelial
platelets
platelet release reaction
aggregation

55
Q

coagulation of blood

  • activation of ___ ___
  • activates ___ pathway
  • tissue ____ released by injury
  • activates ___ pathway
  • deposition of fibrin = __ ___ plug
A 
hageman factor
intrinsic
thromboplastin
extrinsic
platelet fibrin
56
Q

_____: prevents excess thrombus formation

A

fibrinolysis

57
Q

3 important factors are involved in hemostasis

  • ___ cell
  • Blood ___
  • ____ factors
A

endothelial
platelet
coagulation

58
Q

endothelial cells: release ___ or ____ factors

A

antithrombotic

thrombotic

59
Q

intact endothelial cells:

  • __-___ properties
  • ___-____ properties
  • _____ properties
A

anti-platelet
anti-coagulant
fibrinolytic

60
Q

anti-platelet properties of endothelial cells

  • isolate ___ from subendothelial collagen
  • synthesize ____
  • metabolize ___
A

platelet
prostacyclin
ADP

61
Q

anti-coagulant properties of endothelial cells

  • __-like molecules
  • help ___ thrombin
A

heparin

inactivate

62
Q

fibrinolytic properties of endothelial cells

- synthesize ___ activator

A

plaminogen

63
Q

intact endothelial cells prevent ____

A

thrombus

64
Q

injured endothelial cells ___ thrombosis

A

initiate

65
Q

injured endothelial cells synthesize ___ ___ factor

A

von Willbrand’s

66
Q

injured endothelial cells release tissue factors = _____

A

thromboplastin

67
Q

release of tissue factor activates ___ clotting pathway

A

extrinsic

68
Q

platelets derived from cytoplasmic fragmentation of ___

A

megakaryocytes

69
Q

platelets average amount

___-____/mm cubed

A

150,000-400,000

70
Q

platelets play an essential role in ____

A

thrombosis

71
Q

platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagen mediated by ____ ___ factor

A

von Willebrand’s

72
Q

release reaction by platelets: secretion of ___ and ___ leads to aggregation of platelets into stable mass

A

ADP
thromboxane
aggregation

73
Q

coagulation is confined to site of injury through:

  • natural ___-___
  • removal of ___ factors
  • ___
A

anti-thrombin
activation
dilution

74
Q

predisposing factors to thrombogenesis

  • ___ injury
  • alteration of normal ___ ___
  • ____-____ of blood
A

endothelial
blood flow
hyper-coagulability

75
Q

5 causes of endothelial injury

A 
trauma
inflammation
bacterial toxins
atherosclerosis
myocardial infarction
76
Q

stasis - ___ thrombi

A

venous

77
Q

turbulence - ___ thrombi

A

arterial

78
Q

6 causes to hypercoagulability of blood

A
  • extensive burns
  • shock
  • oral contraceptives
  • late months of pregnancy
  • retained dead fetus, premature detachment of placenta
  • visceral carcinoma
79
Q

arterial thrombi occur in 3 places

A

left atrium
left ventricle
aorta

80
Q

arterial thrombi character:

- ___ ___ ___: grey red mass with apparent laminations

A

lines of zahn

81
Q

lines of zahn - grey areas are the pale layers of fused ____ and ___

A

platelets

fibrin

82
Q

lines of zahn - red areas are dark layers of ____

A

RBCs

83
Q

non-occlusive arterial thrombi are located in ___ and ___

A

heart

aorta

84
Q

occlusive arterial thrombi are located in ___ ___

A

smaller vessels

85
Q

vegetative arterial thrombi are located in ___ ___

A

cardiac valves

86
Q

venous thrombi commonly in veins of ___ ___

A

lower limbs

87
Q

venous thrombi are characterized by ___ with poor ____

A

RBCs

laminations

88
Q

venous thrombi are almost always ____

A

occlusive

89
Q

___: accumulate more platelets and fibrin to obstruct a critical vessel

A

propagation

90
Q

____: re-establishment of lumen (fibrinolytic activity)

A

fibrinolysis

91
Q

____: partial or complete detachment of thrombi

A

thromboembolism

92
Q

____: inward growth of granulation tissue

A

organization

93
Q

____: capillaries of granulation tissues form anastomosing channels

A

recanalization

T3 - patho unit 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions