D3.2 - Inheritance Flashcards
What organism did Mendel use for his experiments?
Pea plants.
What are haploid gametes?
Reproductive cells that contain only one set of chromosomes.
What are autosomal recessive diseases?
Diseases that manifest only when an individual inherits two copies of the recessive allele.
What is a dominant allele?
An allele that masks the effect of another allele.
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
Homozygous has two identical alleles (AA or aa), while heterozygous has two different alleles (Aa).
What is a zygote?
A diploid cell formed when two gametes fuse during fertilization.
What is co-dominance?
A situation where both alleles in a heterozygous individual contribute to the phenotype.
What are the three alleles in the ABO blood group system?
I^A, I^B, and i.
What is red-green color blindness?
An X-linked recessive trait more commonly affecting males.
What are sex-linked diseases?
Genetic diseases linked to genes on the sex chromosomes, often affecting males and females differently.
What does a pedigree chart represent?
A diagram that tracks the inheritance of traits or genetic diseases through generations.
What are autosomal dominant diseases?
Diseases that can manifest with just one copy of the mutated allele.
What is a Punnett square?
A tool used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses.
What is the law of segregation?
The principle that during meiosis, the two alleles of each gene separate into different haploid gametes.
What is cystic fibrosis?
An autosomal recessive disease requiring both parents to be carriers for a child to have a chance of having it.
