A1.2 - Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
What are tandem repeats in DNA?
Sequences of DNA that are repeated multiple times in a head-to-tail manner.
What is complementary base pairing in DNA?
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
What sugar is found in RNA?
Ribose.
What is the significance of the Hershey-Chase experiment?
It provided evidence that DNA is the genetic material.
What type of bonding holds base pairs together in DNA?
Hydrogen bonding.
What is the role of linker DNA in nucleosomes?
It connects adjacent nucleosomes.
How many hydrogen bonds form between A-T pairs?
Two hydrogen bonds.
How many hydrogen bonds form between G-C pairs?
Three hydrogen bonds.
What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T).
What was the conclusion of the Hershey-Chase experiment?
DNA, not protein, is the genetic material that enters host cells.
What is the function of PCR in DNA profiling?
PCR amplifies specific tandem repeat regions of DNA.
What is a nucleosome?
The basic unit of chromatin, consisting of a core of histone proteins and DNA wrapped around it.
What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA?
Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U).
What is the basic structure of a nucleosome?
A core of 8 histone proteins with about 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around it.
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA has a double helix structure.
Who elucidated the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
What is the role of dideoxynucleotides in DNA sequencing?
They prevent further extension of the DNA strand when incorporated.
How many strands does RNA have?
RNA is single-stranded.
How many strands does DNA have?
DNA is double-stranded.
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose.
