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HL Biology Year 2 > A1.2 - Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

A1.2 - Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

A

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

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2
Q

What are tandem repeats in DNA?

A

Sequences of DNA that are repeated multiple times in a head-to-tail manner.

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3
Q

What is complementary base pairing in DNA?

A

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

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4
Q

What sugar is found in RNA?

A

Ribose.

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5
Q

What is the significance of the Hershey-Chase experiment?

A

It provided evidence that DNA is the genetic material.

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6
Q

What type of bonding holds base pairs together in DNA?

A

Hydrogen bonding.

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7
Q

What is the role of linker DNA in nucleosomes?

A

It connects adjacent nucleosomes.

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8
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between A-T pairs?

A

Two hydrogen bonds.

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9
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between G-C pairs?

A

Three hydrogen bonds.

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10
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

A

Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T).

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11
Q

What was the conclusion of the Hershey-Chase experiment?

A

DNA, not protein, is the genetic material that enters host cells.

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12
Q

What is the function of PCR in DNA profiling?

A

PCR amplifies specific tandem repeat regions of DNA.

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13
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

The basic unit of chromatin, consisting of a core of histone proteins and DNA wrapped around it.

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14
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA?

A

Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U).

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15
Q

What is the basic structure of a nucleosome?

A

A core of 8 histone proteins with about 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around it.

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16
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

DNA has a double helix structure.

17
Q

Who elucidated the structure of DNA?

A

James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.

18
Q

What is the role of dideoxynucleotides in DNA sequencing?

A

They prevent further extension of the DNA strand when incorporated.

19
Q

How many strands does RNA have?

A

RNA is single-stranded.

20
Q

How many strands does DNA have?

A

DNA is double-stranded.

21
Q

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

22
Q

What sugar is found in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose.

HL Biology Year 2 (3 decks)

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