B1.2 - Proteins Flashcards
What are the two types of regular local structures in secondary protein structure?
α-helices and β-sheets.
What is quaternary structure in proteins?
Quaternary structure is the arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits.
proteins With more than one polypeptide chain (or non-polypeptide components)
What process links amino acids to form polypeptides?
Amino acids are linked together through a process called condensation.
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
The tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of a single polypeptide.
What determines the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?
The specific sequence is determined by genes.
How many different amino acids are commonly found in proteins?
There are 20 different amino acids commonly found in proteins synthesized on ribosomes.
What happens to a native protein under heat or pH change?
It becomes a denatured protein.
What are the key structures in the female reproductive system?
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.
What is a proteome?
The proteome is the complete set of proteins expressed by an individual’s genome.
What are the key structures in the male reproductive system?
Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and penis.
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids.
What are two key factors that can cause protein denaturation?
Heat and pH changes.
What factors can change the proteome?
Developmental stage, environmental conditions, and health status.
Why is the sequence of amino acids important in proteins?
It determines the three-dimensional conformation of the protein.
What are proteins composed of?
Proteins are composed of building blocks called amino acids.
