D1.2 Production of insulin Flashcards
1
Q
What is post-translational modification?
A
It is a process when polypeptides change to form proteins
2
Q
What’s the name for the initial form of insulin (right after the insulin gene is translated)?
A
pre-proinsulin
3
Q
How proinsulin is formed?
A
rough ER removes 24 amino acids from 110 amino acid long chain
4
Q
How proinsulin folds into tertiary structure?
A
it forms disulfide bonds between R groups
5
Q
What happens to the insulin tertiary structure?
A
some amino acids are removed from the middle, leaving two chains linked by disulfide bonds
6
Q
Describe mature insulin
A
it has 2 chains bonded together by disulfide bonds
7
Q
What’s the total of amino acids in the insulin?
A
51
8
Q
Simple explanation of production of insulin (4 stages)
A
- pre-proinsulin chave 4 short chains of amino acids (4 peptides)
2.ER removes one peptide - proinsulin formed
- proinsulin forms tertiary structure thanks to formation of disulfide bonds between R groups
- another peptide is removed
- mature insulin is left with 2 amino acid chains bonded by disulfide bonds
