C1.1 Enzymes & Metabolism Flashcards
What are enzymes?
specialized, globular proteins which catalyse the chemical reaction by lowering its activation energy
Active site
region on the enzyme designed for only one other substance to fit
Catalytic site
where the catalysis happen
Binding site
recognizes substrate and ensures the correct subtrate fits into the active site
What is enzyme-substrate specificity?
ability of the enzyme to recognize and bind to specific substrate
What is induced fit bonding?
the active site changes its shape (conformational change) so substrate will fit better
What is transition state?
The point of energy that must be reached for reaction to happen
Activation energy
energy needed to reach transition state
What type of reaction is formation of bonds? (exo/endo)
exothermic
What type of reaction is breakdown of bonds? (exo/endo)
Endothermic
Metabolism
all chemical reactions taking place in the body that build or break the molecules
Anabolic reaction (e.g. peptide bond formation)
building molecules up, monomers build up to form polymers
Catabolic reaction (e.g. digestion)
breaking down the molecules
Active sites and substrates function via ______ and _____
molecular motion, collision
What factors affect the rate of enzyme activity?
temperature, pH, substrate concentration
How temperature affects the rate of enzyme activity?
in higher temperature (up to 37 C), molecules move faster and bump into each other more often
How pH affects the rate of enzyme activity?
enzymes work better in different range of pH, but any shift from this range decreases the rate
