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haematology > Cytotoxic drugs > Flashcards

Cytotoxic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps in the cell cycle

A 
G1 - growth 
(G0 - cell cycle arrest)
S - DNA Synthesis 
G2 - growth and preparation for mitosis 
M - mitosis
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2
Q

how can cytotoxic drugs be classified generally

A

cell cycle specific

non-cell cycle specific

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3
Q

cell cycle specific drugs are tumour specific/unspecific and are duration/dose dependent

A

tumour specific

duration dependent

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4
Q

non-cell cycle specific drugs are tumour specific/unspecific and are duration/dose dependent

A

not tumour specific as they damage normal stem cells

cumulative dose dependent

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5
Q

what are the types of cell cycle specific cytotoxic drugs

A

antimetabolites

mitotic spindle inhibitors

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6
Q

give examples of antimetabolites

A

methotrexate
6-mercaptopurine/cytosine/fludarabine
hydroxyurea

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7
Q

what is the action of methotrexate

A

dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

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8
Q

what is the action of hydroxyurea

A

ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor

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9
Q

give examples of mitotic spindle inhibitors

A

plant based drugs:
vinca alkaloids
taxols

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10
Q

give examples of non-cell cycle specific cytotoxic drugs

A

alkylating agents
platinum based drugs
anthracyclines - cytotoxic antibiotics

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11
Q

what are general immediate side effects of cytotoxic drugs

A

bone marrow suppression
GI mucosal damage
hair loss/alopecia

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12
Q

what are specific side effects from the following drugs:
vinca alkaloids
anthracyclines
cisplatin

A

vinca alkaloids - neuropathy
anthracyclines - cardiotoxicity
cisplatin - nephrotoxicity

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13
Q

what are the long term side effects of the following drugs:
alkylating agents
anthracyclines

A

alkylating agents - infertility, 2ndary malignancies

anthracyclines - cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

what must you ensure in combination chemotherapy regimens

A

no overlapping of toxicity spectra

synergistic mechanisms of action

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15
Q

why might you get chemotherapy failure

A

slow tumour doubling time

developed drug resistance

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16
Q

what can absent/abnormal p53 protein cause

A 
loss of:
apoptosis
senescence
cell cycle regulation 
DNA repair
17
Q

what is senescence

A

irreversible arrest of cell division usually following oncogenic stress

18
Q

how can you overcome risk of myelosuppression when intensifying chemotherapy regimens

A

haematopoeitc growth factors

combining myelosuppressive with non-myelosuppressive agents

19
Q

what are different tissue sources in stem cell transplantation

A

blood

bone marrow

20
Q

what are different patient sources in stem cell transplantation

A

autologous

allogenic

21
Q

examples of allogenic sources in stem cell transplantation

A

sibling

unrelated

22
Q

which targeted treatment is very successful in the management of CML

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitors

haematology (26 decks)

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