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Haematology > Cytotoxic Drugs > Flashcards

Cytotoxic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the G0 phase of the cell cycle?

A

Resting

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2
Q

What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

A

Starting to grow

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3
Q

What is the S phase of the cell cycle and when does it occur?

A

After 9 - 12hrs. DNA synthesis occurs

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4
Q

What is the M stage of the cell cycle?

A

Cells undergo mitosis

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5
Q

In cell cycle specific drugs what is more important; the duration of exposure or the dosage?

A

Duration of exposure

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6
Q

What are the two main groups of cell cycle specific chemotherapy drugs?

A

Antimetabolites

Mitotic spindle inhibitors

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7
Q

In non cell cycle specific agents what is more important; the duration of exposure or the dosage?

A

Dosage

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8
Q

How do alkylating agents such as chlorambucil work as chemotheraputic drugs?

A

Bind covalently to DNA bases and produce strand breaks by free radical production

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9
Q

How do cytotoxic antibiotics such as anthracyclines work as chemotheraputic drugs?

A

Reversible DNA intercalation impairs RNA transcription and causes strand breakages in DNA

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10
Q

What are the general side effects of cytotoxic drugs and why?

A

They affect rapidly dividing organs

  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Gut mucosal damage
  • Hair loss
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11
Q

What is the specific side effect of vinca alkaloids?

A

Neuropathy

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12
Q

What is the specific side effects of anthracyclines?

A

Cardiotoxicity

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13
Q

What is the specific side effects of cisplatinum?

A

Nephrotoxicity

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14
Q

Which drugs are most likely to cause infertility?

A

Alkylating agents

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15
Q

What two structures can chemotherapy not pass through?

A

Blood brain barrier

Blood testes barrier

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16
Q

What prophylactic antifungal drugs are given to all people at risk of fungal infections due to chemotherapy?

A

Itraconazole

Posaconazole

17
Q

What is rituximab?

A

Monoclonal antibody against CD20. CD 20 is primarily found on the surface of B cells. Rituximab destroys these B ce;;s and so in used in leukemias and lymphomas.

18
Q

What is the protein expressed on Hodgekins cells? What drug targets this protein?

A

CD 30. Bretuximab

19
Q

Why are biological drugs not classed as chemotherapy?

A

They do not affect the cells as they divide.

20
Q

What is the function of the proteosome in a cell?

A

Degrade unneeded or damaged proteins

21
Q

Why are proteosome inhibitor uses in cancer treatment?

A

May prevent breakdown of proteins such as p53

22
Q

If you get an allogenic bone marrow transplant what donor cells attack the cancer in the host?

A

T cells (Graft vs leukemia/lymphoma)

Haematology (21 decks)

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