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OPM, Oncology, Palliative + Breast > Cytotoxic drugs > Flashcards

Cytotoxic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclophosphamide MOA

A

alkylating agent - causes cross-linking in DNA

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2
Q

Cyclophosphamide adverse effects

A

haemorrhagic cystitis
myelosuppression
transitional cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Bleomycin MOA

A

degrades preformed DNA

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4
Q

Bleomycin adverse effects

A

lung fibrosis

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5
Q

Anthracyclines (eg. doxorubicin) MOA

A

stabilises DNA topoisomerase 2 complex
inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

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6
Q

Anthracyclines (eg. doxorubicin) adverse effects

A

cardiomyopathy

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7
Q

Methotrexate MOA

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis

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8
Q

Methotrexate adverse effects

A

myelosuppression
mucositis
liver fibrosis
lung fibrosis

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9
Q

Fluorouracil MOA

A

pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase (works during S phase)

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10
Q

Fluorouracil adverse effects

A

myelosuppression
mucositis
dermatitis

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11
Q

6-mercaptopurine MOA

A

purine analogue that is activated by HGPRTase, decreasing purine synthesis

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12
Q

6-mercaptopurine adverse effects

A

myelosuppression

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13
Q

Cytarabine MOA

A

pyrimidine antagonist
interferes with DNA synthesis specifically at S phase of cell cycle and inhibits DNA polymerase

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14
Q

Cytarabine adverse effects

A

myelosuppression
ataxia

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15
Q

Which cytotoxic drug is an alkylating agent?

A

cyclophosphamide

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16
Q

Which cytotoxic drugs are cytotoxic antibiotics?

A

bleomycin
anthracyclines (eg. doxorubicin)

17
Q

Which cytotoxic drugs are antimetabolites?

A

methotrexate
fluorouracil
6-mercaptopurine
cytarabine

18
Q

Which cytotoxic drugs act on microtubules?

A

vincristine/vinblastine
docetaxel

19
Q

Which cytotoxic drugs are topoisomerase inhibitors?

A

irinotecan

20
Q

Vincristine/vinblastine MOA

A

inhibits formation of microtubules

21
Q

Vincristine/vinblastine adverse effects

A

vincristine = peripheral neuropathy (reversible), paralytic ileus

vinblastine = myelosuppression

22
Q

Docetaxel MOA

A

prevents microtubule depolymerisation and disassembly, decreasing free tubulin

23
Q

Docetaxel adverse effects

A

neutropenia

24
Q

Irinotecan MOA

A

inhibits topoisomerase I which prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA

25
Q

Irinotecan adverse effects

A

myelosuppression

26
Q

Cisplatin MOA

A

causes cross-linking in DNA

27
Q

Cisplatin adverse effects

A

ototoxicity
peripheral neuropathy
hypomagnesaemia

28
Q

Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) MOA

A

inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing DNA synthesis

29
Q

Hydroxyurea adverse effects

A

myelosuppression

OPM, Oncology, Palliative + Breast (29 decks)

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