Cytology And Gametogenesis Flashcards
What is the study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell?
Cytology
What is the medium inside the limits of the cells where organelles are located?
Cytosol
What is composed of cytosol and organelles?
Cytoplasm
What is the mitochondria important for?
Energy production
What are the 3 parts of the mitochondria?
Outer smooth membrane, matrix, and inner rough membrane
What are these the main functions of: Oxidative phosphorylation (adp to ATP), respiratory chain, and Krebs cycle?
Mitochondria
What type of cells lack mitochondria’s?
Prokaryotes
What part of the cell reproduces via autonomous division, known as fission?
Mitochondria
Where are the endoplasmic reticulum found?
Throughout the cytosol
What is the surface of the RER covered in?
Ribosomes
What does the RER form?
The nuclear membrane
What does the surface of the SER lack?
Ribosomes
What part of the ER produces enzymes for lipid synthesis/metabolism?
SER
What 2 things does the Golgi apparatus connect?
ER and cell membrane
What does the Golgi apparatus produce?
Polysaccharides
What stores products from the SER and RER, such as proteins and triglycerides?
Golgi apparatus
What does the golgi form to export its products, and SER and RER products?
Zymogen granules
The Golgi forms lysosomes, what are lysosomes full of?
Enzymes for digestion
What cells have numerous amounts lysosomes?
Neutrophils- immune system cells
What epithelium has numerous amounts lysosomes?
Renal tubular epithelium
What has the 3 functions of structure, transport, and movement?
Cytoskeleton
What part of the cytoskeleton makes tubulin proteins?
Microtubules
What does the cytoskeleton have that is the base for flagella and cilia?
Centriole
Besides acting as a base, what 2 things do centrioles assist in?
Cell reproduction and mitotic spindle
What is the cytoskeleton made of?
Microfilaments
What are actin, myosin, vimentin, and cytokeratin examples of?
Microfilaments
What does a membrane, chromatin, and a nucleolus make up?
Nucleus
What has the functions of regulating protein synthesis and contains/transfers genome?
Nucleus
What part of the nucleus disappeared during cell division?
Membrane (envelope)
What type of permeability does the nucleus membrane have?
Selective
What is the chromatin made of?
DNA and proteins
What is a type of nucleus chromatin that is dispersed and in use?
Euchromatin (EC)
What type of nucleus chromatin is condensed and non in constant use?
Heterochromatin (HC)
What does the chromatin turn into after cell division, and shape change?
Chromosomes
What is the the site of assembly for ribosomal RNA?
Nucleolus
Are large or small nucleoli present in fast growing and reproductive cells?
Large nucleolus
What is the development of gametes?
Gametogenesis
What are the 2 gametogenesis?
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis
When does spermatogenesis begin?
With sexual maturity
When stem cells divide (mitosis), what is the result?
A and B spermatogonia
What is the result of spermiogensis?
Make spermatids to spermatozoa
What is made of: Condensed nucleus,
Acrosome with enzymes= hyaloronidase and Cathepsin: break through ovum’s radiata up the head of spermatozoa?
Head of spermatozoa
What makes up the neck of the spermatozoa?
Centrioles and mitochondria
What is made of 9 pairs of microtubules and 1 central pair?
Tail of spermatozoa
When does oogenesis begin?
In utero
What is needed to complete meiosis 2 for oogenesis?
Fertilization
What do proteins, lipids, hydrocarbons, and glycolipids and glycoproteins make up?
Plasma membrane
What part of a cell has fluid mosaic?
Plasma membrane
What part of the cell has transport mechanisms: diffusion, channel, and carrier or pump?
Plasma membrane
What is an example of microvilli on plasma membrane?
Small intestinal mucosal cells
What is an example of a glycocalyx on plasma membrane?
Endothelium
What is an example of a intermembranous junction in the plasma membrane?
Epidermal cells’ desmosomes
What is the result of rRNA + proteins?
Ribosome
What migrates to the Cytosol through nuclear pores?
Ribosomes
