Cytokines Flashcards
IL-1
induces fever, induced release of acute phase proteins
from: phagocytes, lymphocytes, endothelial cells
targets: lymphocytes, macrophages, endothelium
activates cells, increases adhesion molecule expression
IL-2
source and target are T cells
signs of T cell activation specific to certain antigens
induces T cell proliferation
activates T cells
IL-3
targets hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
from T cells
induces growth and differentiation of progenitor cells such as macrophage progenitors
IL-4
induces TH2 polarization
from Th2 cells, mast cells, macrophages
targets T and B cells, eosinophils, mast cells
B cell growth, IgE and IgG1 isotype selection
eosinophil and mast cell activation
suppresses CMI
IL-5
targets B cells and eosinophils IGA isotype selection from Th2 cells, mast cells induces B cell growth and differentiation eosinophil activation
IL-6
from Th2 cells, B cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells
targets B cells, hepatocytes
induced B cell differentiation, production of acute phase proteins, fever
IL-8 (CXCL8)
chemokine that targets neutrophils
from macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts
targets basophils, T cells
chemotatic and angiogenic
IL-10
inhibits cytokine synthesis suppresses cell mediated immunity from activated T cells, macrophages targets Th1 cells promotes B cell proliferation
IL-12
induces Th1 polarization, suppresses Th2 activation from B cells, macrophages, DCs targets T cells, NK cells activates CD8 T and NK cells promotes CMI
IL-13
from Th2 cells
targets macrophages, B cells
induces B cell growth and differentiation
inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
IL-15
from macrophages, T cells
targets T cells, activated B cells
actions similar to IL-2
IL-18 (IFN gamma-inducing factor)
from phagocytes
target T cells
induced production of IFN gamma, IL2 and GM-CSF
TNF-alpha
targets and effects similar to IL-1 plus induced MHC class I protein expression, tumor necrosis, and stimulates angiogenesis from macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, endothelial cells
TNF-beta (lymphotoxin A)
from lymphocytes
targets and effect similar to TNF-alpha except not associated with inducing shock
IFN-alpha
targets tissue cells
induces antiviral state, MHC class I protein and stimulates NK cells, production of IL-12 and TH1 cells
from lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells
IFN-beta
induces anti-viral state, MHC class I expression
from fibroblasts, epithelial cells
targets tissue cells, leukocytes
IFN-gamma
induces expression of MHC class I and II
from T cells, NK cells
targets leukocytes tissue cells, TH2 cells
activates phagocytes, inhibits TH2 cells, enhances leukocyte-endothelial adherence
induces IgG2a class switching
M-CSF
targets monocytes and monocyte progenitors
from macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells
induces proliferation of monocyte precursors
G-CSF
target granulocyte precursors
from macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells
induces proliferation of precursors to mature granulocytes
GM-CSF
targets granulocyte/macrophage progenitors
from T cells, macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells
promotes the differentiation of precursors, stimulates neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages
MCP-1 (chemokine)
from macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells
targets monocytes, basophils, mast cells
chemotactic agent for monocytes, induces histamine release by mast cells and basophils
TGF-alpha
from macrophages and other cells
targets fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells
stimulates fibroblast growth and angiogenesis
TGF-beta
induces B cell isotype switching to IgA with IL-5
suppression of immune response
from TH2/CD4, B cells, platelets, macrophages and mast cells
inhibits proliferation of immune cells
induces IL-1 production by macrophages
Hematopoietic cytokines
G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, EPO, TPO
Suppressive cytokines
IL-10
TGF-beta
TH1 cytokines produce
IFN-gamma
IL-2
TNF-beta
TH2 cytokines produce
IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13
Endothelial activating cytokines
IL-1, IFN-gamma
inflammatory cytokines
IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, CXCL8, IL-12
Anti-viral cytokines
IFN-alpha
IFN-beta
IFN-gamma
