Cytochemical Reactions Flashcards
What is leukemia?
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow.
True or False: Cytochemical reactions are used to classify different types of leukemia.
True
What is the primary role of cytochemical staining in leukemia diagnosis?
To identify specific cell types and their characteristics.
Fill in the blank: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a cytochemical stain used to identify ________.
myeloid cells
What cytochemical reaction is indicative of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positivity.
Which enzyme is commonly associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
Myeloperoxidase (MPO).
What does a positive Sudan Black B stain indicate?
The presence of myeloid lineage.
True or False: Esterase stains can differentiate between myeloid and monocytic leukemias.
True
What is the significance of the chloroacetate esterase stain?
It is used to identify granulocytic cells.
What does a positive reaction for acid phosphatase suggest in leukemia diagnosis?
It suggests the presence of T-lymphocytes or hairy cell leukemia.
Fill in the blank: The presence of Auer rods is typically associated with ________.
acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
What is the function of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain in leukemia?
To detect glycogen and certain glycoproteins in cells.
True or False: Cytochemistry can provide information about the prognosis of leukemia.
True
What is the clinical relevance of identifying the lineage of leukemia cells?
It helps determine the appropriate treatment and prognosis.
Which cytochemical marker is used for identifying erythroid lineage?
Glycophorin A.
What does a negative myeloperoxidase stain indicate?
It suggests the absence of myeloid differentiation.
Fill in the blank: The presence of promyelocytes with heavy granulation is indicative of ________.
acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
What role does flow cytometry play in the cytochemical analysis of leukemia?
It allows for rapid and precise identification of cell populations.
True or False: Cytochemical reactions are only used in research, not in clinical settings.
False
What is the purpose of using immunohistochemistry in leukemia diagnosis?
To detect specific antigens on the surface of leukemic cells.
What does a positive reaction for CD34 indicate?
The presence of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Which cytochemical stain is primarily used to assess the maturation of leukemic cells?
Nonspecific esterase.
Fill in the blank: The presence of atypical lymphocytes in a blood smear is often associated with ________.
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
What does a positive reaction for TdT suggest in a cytochemical analysis?
The presence of immature lymphoid cells.
True or False: Cytochemical reactions can differentiate between acute and chronic leukemia.
True
What is the significance of finding basophilic stippling in leukemic cells?
It may indicate a specific type of leukemia or underlying pathology.
Which cytochemical stain is used to identify megakaryocytes?
Platelet peroxidase.
What does the presence of CD19 and CD20 indicate in leukemia?
B-cell lineage.
Fill in the blank: The presence of hairy cells is characteristic of ________.
hairy cell leukemia
What is the role of cytochemical reactions in monitoring treatment response in leukemia?
To assess changes in leukemic cell populations.
True or False: Cytochemical stains are standardized across all laboratories.
False
What does a positive result for the peroxidase stain indicate?
Myeloid differentiation.
Which cytochemical marker is associated with natural killer (NK) cell activity?
CD56.
What is the importance of cytochemical reactions in the classification of acute leukemias?
They help in distinguishing between different subtypes of acute leukemia.
Fill in the blank: The presence of lymphoblasts in a bone marrow biopsy is indicative of ________.
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
