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Hematology > Cytochemical Reactions > Flashcards

Cytochemical Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is leukemia?

A

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow.

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2
Q

True or False: Cytochemical reactions are used to classify different types of leukemia.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the primary role of cytochemical staining in leukemia diagnosis?

A

To identify specific cell types and their characteristics.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a cytochemical stain used to identify ________.

A

myeloid cells

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5
Q

What cytochemical reaction is indicative of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positivity.

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6
Q

Which enzyme is commonly associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

A

Myeloperoxidase (MPO).

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7
Q

What does a positive Sudan Black B stain indicate?

A

The presence of myeloid lineage.

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8
Q

True or False: Esterase stains can differentiate between myeloid and monocytic leukemias.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the significance of the chloroacetate esterase stain?

A

It is used to identify granulocytic cells.

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10
Q

What does a positive reaction for acid phosphatase suggest in leukemia diagnosis?

A

It suggests the presence of T-lymphocytes or hairy cell leukemia.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of Auer rods is typically associated with ________.

A

acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

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12
Q

What is the function of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain in leukemia?

A

To detect glycogen and certain glycoproteins in cells.

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13
Q

True or False: Cytochemistry can provide information about the prognosis of leukemia.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the clinical relevance of identifying the lineage of leukemia cells?

A

It helps determine the appropriate treatment and prognosis.

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15
Q

Which cytochemical marker is used for identifying erythroid lineage?

A

Glycophorin A.

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16
Q

What does a negative myeloperoxidase stain indicate?

A

It suggests the absence of myeloid differentiation.

17
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of promyelocytes with heavy granulation is indicative of ________.

A

acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)

18
Q

What role does flow cytometry play in the cytochemical analysis of leukemia?

A

It allows for rapid and precise identification of cell populations.

19
Q

True or False: Cytochemical reactions are only used in research, not in clinical settings.

A

False

20
Q

What is the purpose of using immunohistochemistry in leukemia diagnosis?

A

To detect specific antigens on the surface of leukemic cells.

21
Q

What does a positive reaction for CD34 indicate?

A

The presence of hematopoietic progenitor cells.

22
Q

Which cytochemical stain is primarily used to assess the maturation of leukemic cells?

A

Nonspecific esterase.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of atypical lymphocytes in a blood smear is often associated with ________.

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

24
Q

What does a positive reaction for TdT suggest in a cytochemical analysis?

A

The presence of immature lymphoid cells.

25
Q

True or False: Cytochemical reactions can differentiate between acute and chronic leukemia.

A

True

26
Q

What is the significance of finding basophilic stippling in leukemic cells?

A

It may indicate a specific type of leukemia or underlying pathology.

27
Q

Which cytochemical stain is used to identify megakaryocytes?

A

Platelet peroxidase.

28
Q

What does the presence of CD19 and CD20 indicate in leukemia?

A

B-cell lineage.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of hairy cells is characteristic of ________.

A

hairy cell leukemia

30
Q

What is the role of cytochemical reactions in monitoring treatment response in leukemia?

A

To assess changes in leukemic cell populations.

31
Q

True or False: Cytochemical stains are standardized across all laboratories.

A

False

32
Q

What does a positive result for the peroxidase stain indicate?

A

Myeloid differentiation.

33
Q

Which cytochemical marker is associated with natural killer (NK) cell activity?

A

CD56.

34
Q

What is the importance of cytochemical reactions in the classification of acute leukemias?

A

They help in distinguishing between different subtypes of acute leukemia.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of lymphoblasts in a bone marrow biopsy is indicative of ________.

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Hematology (6 decks)

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