Cystic Fibrosis- Respiratory System Flashcards
Nasal Cavity
Oral Cavity
Air inhaled through nose –> Nasal cavity –> epithelium lined with ciliated epithermal cells –> secrete mucus to trap dust + bacteria to protect from irritation and infection.
Has good blood supply- warms air to body temp
Moist surfaces- increases humidity.
Conchae increases surface area of nasal cavity
Air inhalation- crucial when nose is blocked
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity
Connects the pharynx and the trachea. During swallowing the epiglottis shifts to cover the opening of the larynx. Prevents food + liquid entering the larynx and trachea.
Main area carrying clean warm air from the nose/ mouth down to the chest. It is supported by incomplete rings of cartilage which stop the trachea from collapsing. Lined. Cilia beat + move mucus up the throat- swallowed + digested
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Trachea branches into 2 bronchi: left and right –> lung
Bronchi branch into narrower tubes in the lungs
Bronchi divide into bronchioles- no cartilage- smooth muscle. When smooth muscles relax, bronchioles contract. Regulates air in the lungs
Involved in gas exchange- wall- epithermal cells- Collagen + elastic fibres allow alveoli to stretch. Moisture covers alveoli surface for diffusion- cohesive
Gas Exchange
Breathing problems- Inefficient gas exchange - less oxygen for respiration- patient feels tired = less energy
Expiration= Movement of air out of lungs- passive process
Diaphragm relaxes back into dome shape
External intercoastal muscles relax so ribs can move down
Volume of thorax decreases, so pressure increases
Pressure is now greater than atmospheric air so air moves out of lungs
Inspiration= Move of air into lungs. Requires energy.
Dome shaped diaphragm contracts, flattening + lowering
External intercoastal muscles contract so ribs move up and outwards
Volume of thorax increases, so pressure decreases
Pressure is now lower than atmospheric air so air goes into lungs
