Cycling Of Matter In Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four main Biogeochemical cycles?

A

Carbon, water, nitrogen, and phosphorus

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2
Q

What is: the movement of matter through the biotic and abiotic environment?

A

Biogeochemical cycle

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3
Q

What are the four steps in the water cycle?

A
  1. Water evaporates into vapour
  2. Rises and condenses into water droplets
  3. Droplets collect to form clouds, fall to earth as rain, snow
  4. Water enters lakes, oceans, soil, or groundwater and starts cycle over
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4
Q

What is: water taken by plant roots released by leaves?

A

Transpiration

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5
Q

What percent of the water on earth is saltwater?

A

97.5%

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6
Q

What percent of water on earth is freshwater?

A

2.5%

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7
Q

What percent of water on earth is ice caps or glaciers?

A

1.97%

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8
Q

What percent of earths water is groundwater?

A

0.5%

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9
Q

What percent of earths water is lakes, rivers, soil?

A

0.03%

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10
Q

What percent of earths water is atmosphere?

A

0.001%

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11
Q

What are the two key processes of the water cycle?

A

Evaporation and condensation

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12
Q

What does water perolate into soil and enter permeable rock to form?

A

An aquifer

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13
Q

What are three ways that man has affected the water cycle?

A
  1. Pollution of surface and groundwater
  2. Increased surface runoff through deforestation and urbanization
  3. Draining of wetlands = loss of animal habitats and increased soil erosion
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14
Q

In the carbon cycle what are two removals and three additions?

A

Removal

  1. Photosynthesis
  2. Dissolving in the world oceans

Addition

  1. Combustion
  2. Cellular respiration
  3. Decomposition
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15
Q

What form of carbon does air contain?

A

CO2

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16
Q

What is carbon an essential elements of building of?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipid molecules

17
Q

What are three ways that carbon and CO2 are released?

A
  1. Organisms breakdown sugar molecules for energy and release carbon as waste
  2. Burning fossil feels and would release CO2
  3. Organisms die, carbon containing body to decompose by bacteria fungi and other decomposers and CO2 is released
18
Q

Where is most of earths carbon stored? What are these called?

A

Stored in deposits such as coal, limestone, ocean sediments, etc. called carbon sinks

19
Q

When do carbon sinks form?

A

When decomposed organisms are compressed over millions of years

20
Q

What is the result of deforestation and burning fossil feels releasing stored carbon back into the atmosphere?

A

Climate change