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Radiology > CVS and Interventional > Flashcards

CVS and Interventional Flashcards

1
Q

NOT associated with azygos continuation of IVC?

A

Hepatic veins drain into the azygos system (they drain directly into the RA)

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2
Q

Thickened AAA with raised ESR and abdominal pain

A

Inflammatory AAA

Note usual AAA secondary to atherosclerosis is usually asymptomatic unless rupture/ dissection

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3
Q

What does colour intensity mean in Power and Colour doppler?

A

Power doppler- amplitude dependent

Colour doppler- velocity dependent

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4
Q

Extra-thoracic manifestation of Churg-Strauss syndrome?

A

Mesenteric ischaemia

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5
Q

What size catheter for diagnostic lower limb DSA?

A

5 Fr for adults

3 Fr for kids

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6
Q

Best position to view profunda femoris?

A

Internal rotation

Note that external rotation will bring posterolateral origin of PFA behind SFA

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7
Q

What percentage of below knee DVT cause PE?

A

Isolated below knee DVT in ambulatory patients has an incidence of PE of 10-20%

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8
Q

Not a risk factor for RV thrombosis

A

Chronic pancreatitis

Scleroderma (note SLE IS a RF due to lupus anticoagulant)

Nephritic syndrome

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9
Q

Cardiac MRI

A

Retrospective gating better than prospective for diastolic dysfunction

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10
Q

TIPS procedure- what indicates stenosis?

A

Increased velocity by 50 cm/ sec compared to baseline

Note: retrograde flow within intrahepatic portal veins is NORMAL post TIPS. Blood flows into stent rather than liver.

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11
Q

What percentage of FMD is bilateral?

A

50%

Note angioplasty has good results with 90% success rates

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12
Q

What are Libman-Sachs nodules?

A

Accumulation of immune complex on MV and AV in SLE

Sterile verrucous vegetations

Fibrinoid necrosis and valve destruction

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13
Q

In femoral artery what does doubling of PSV mean?

A

50% stenosis

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14
Q

Most common site for VA dissection?

A

V3 (atlantic)- at the level of C1-C2

Note:

V1: pre-foraminal

V2: foraminal

V 4: intradural

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15
Q

Most common site for ICA dissection?

A

Cervical ICA just distal to carotid bulb

Usually no extension beyond petrous portion

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16
Q

Meningioma on angiography

A

Comes early and leaves late

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17
Q

Resistive index in SMA?

A

High pre-prandial

Low post prandial

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18
Q

Ostium secundum ASD

A

Isolated finding

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19
Q

What percentage of below knee DVT cause PE?

A

Isolated below knee DVT in ambulatory patients has an incidence of PE of

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20
Q

Not a risk factor for RV thrombosis

A

Chronic pancreatitis

Scleroderma (note SLE IS a RF due to lupus anticoagulant)

Nephritic syndrome

21
Q

Cardiac MRI

A

Retrospective gating better than prospective for diastolic dysfunction

22
Q

TIPS procedure- what indicates stenosis?

A

Increased velocity by 50 cm/ sec compared to baseline

Note: retrograde flow within intrahepatic portal veins is NORMAL post TIPS. Blood flows into stent rather than liver.

23
Q

What percentage of FMD is bilateral?

A

50%

Note angioplasty has good results with 90% success rates

24
Q

What are Libman-Sachs nodules?

A

Accumulation of immune complex on MV and AV in SLE

Sterile verrucous vegetations

Fibrinoid necrosis and valve destruction

25
Q

In femoral artery what does doubling of PSV mean?

A

50% stenosis

26
Q

Most common site for VA dissection?

A

V3 (atlantic)- at the level of C1-C2

Note:

V1: pre-foraminal

V2: foraminal

V 4: intradural

27
Q

Most common site for ICA dissection?

A

Cervical ICA just distal to carotid bulb

Usually no extension beyond petrous portion

28
Q

Meningioma on angiography

A

Comes early and leaves late

29
Q

Resistive index in SMA?

A

High pre-prandial

Low post prandial

30
Q

Ostium secundum ASD

A

Isolated finding

31
Q

What size splenic aneurysm needs coiling?

A

More than 2.5 cm

32
Q

TIPS shunt: flow towards periphery?

A

Portal vein or hepatic artery puncture

33
Q

TIPS shunt: flow towards porta hepatis?

A

Biliary tree puncture

34
Q

What should the shunt gradient be and where does stenosis occur in TIPSS?

A

Gradient should be less than 12 mmHg

Stenosis occurs in HV or shunt itself

35
Q

Cardiac MR: field inhomogeneity?

A

More common in 3T rather than 1.5T

36
Q

Which cardiac layer shows dark rim artefact on MR?

A

Endocardium

37
Q

Name the 2 types of arteriolosclerosis

A

Hyaline: DM and HTN

Hyperplastic: onion skin laminated thickening. Malignant HTN.

38
Q

2 morphological types of aortic dissection

A

Cystic medial degeneration

Intimal tear between middle and outer thirds of media

39
Q

Dissection- what percentage occlude coronary arteries and do all have intimal tear?

A

8% occlude coronary arteries

5-10% have no obvious intimal tear

40
Q

Aschoff bodies in myocardium

A

Rheumatic fever

41
Q

Jones criteria for Rheumatic fever?

A

Carditis

Polyarthritis (migratory and involving large joints)

Sydenham chorea

Erythema marginatum

Subcutaneous nodules

42
Q

SFA disease: angioplasty vs bypass

A

Angioplasty: single stenosis of less than 10 cm or occlusion less than 5 cm

Surgery: disease more than 15 cm

43
Q

Irregular narrowing of origin of great vessels from aortic arch?

A

If less than 30 years: Takayasu

If more than 50 years: Giant cell arteritis

44
Q

Development of CC?

A

Anterior genu to posterior splenium

Rostrum last portion to develop

45
Q

Name 2 differences between lobar holoprosencephaly and septo-optic dysplasia.

A

LH: fused anterior fournix. Optic nerves and hypothalamus spared

SOD: optic nerve hypoplasia and hypothalamic/ pituitary dysfunction

46
Q

Complication of bicuspid aortic valve and 2 associations?

A

AS more common than AR

Associated with coarctation and Turner syndrome

47
Q

When do u replace bicuspid AV?

A

NOT in childhood as child will continue to grow!

48
Q

Inflammatory vs mycotic aneurysm?

A

Inflammatory fusiform whilst mycotic is saccular

Radiology (16 decks)

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