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Radiology > Chest Radiology > Flashcards

Chest Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Top 3 differentials for a thoracic inlet mass

A
  1. Thyroid mass (goitre, malignancy)
  2. Parathyroid mass (adenoma, hyperplasia, malignancy)
  3. Nodal mass (lymphoma, TB or infection, metastases)
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2
Q

Top 4 differentials for CT halo sign

A
  1. Invasive aspergillosis (immunocompromised)
  2. Haemorrhagic metastases
  3. Vasculitis
  4. Septic emboli
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3
Q

What is the most common viral pneumonia post transplant?

A

CMV

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4
Q

Dense pulmonary nodules and dense liver

A

Amiodarone toxicity

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5
Q

Unilateral small lung with air-trapping

A

Sawyer-James. Due to bronchiolitis obliterans in childhood

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6
Q

Hepatic complications of AAT deficiency

A

Liver cirrhosis and cholestasis

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7
Q

What is the most common hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Klebsiella pneumonia. Lobar consolidation with bulging fissures and may cavitate

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8
Q

What is the main cause and complication of PAP?

A

90% idiopathic (usually men in their 40’s who are smokers)

Most commonly complicated by fungal infection (Nocardia)

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9
Q

What causes Kaposi sarcoma and how does it present in the chest?

A

HHV 8

  1. Bilateral peribronchovascular nodules
  2. Lymphadenopathy
  3. Skin nodules/ thickening
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10
Q

How can nuclear medicine distinguish between Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma?

A

KS is negative on Gallium scan (as opposed to lymphoma and infection)

Both KS and lymphoma are positive on Thallium scan

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11
Q

Lung complication of a large thyroid goitre

A

Pulmonary oedema due to negative pressure

Need CPAP

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12
Q

What is saber sheath trachea?

A

Narrowing of the intrathoracic portion of the trachea. Seen in COPD

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13
Q

What factors suggest malignancy of AMM germ cell tumours

A

Solid appearance and male patient

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14
Q

Differentials for cavitating lung mass

A
  1. Abscess (TB, Fungal, Staph)
  2. SCC
  3. Pulmonary infarct
  4. Vasculitis- Wegener’s granulomatosis
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15
Q

Irregular lower zone cysts, pneumothorax and RCC

A

Birt-Hogg-Dube

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16
Q

Upper lobe bronchiectasis and bilateral centrilobular nodules

A

Young: CF
Old: MAC

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17
Q

CT chest of young woman: miliary pattern, dense nodules and black pleura

A

Alveolar microlithiasis (usually idiopathic). Pleura appears black due to white background.

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18
Q

Name 4 DDx for dilated oesophagus

A

Oesophageal ca

Achalasia

Scleroderma (look for pulmonary fibrosis)

Gastric pull-up (look for clips in mediastinum)

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19
Q

Name 4 benign causes of lobar collapse

A

Inhaled FB

Mucus plug

Endobronchial papillomatosis

Scarring/ stenosis from previous infection (TB)

20
Q

Which is cold on PET: scarring or sequestration?

A

Sequestration

21
Q

Which vessel needs to be flushed post IVC filter placement?

A

Left CIV to exclude double IVC

22
Q

What can be used to predict prognosis in PE?

A

RV:LV diameter ratio

23
Q

Bronchogenic vs oesophageal duplication cyst?

A

Oesophageal cyst thick-walled

24
Q

Which fibroid better treated by embolisation: submucosal or subserosal?

A

Submucosal- only gets blood supply from uterine artery

25
Q

Lung changes with NF-1?

A

Lower zone fibrosis

26
Q

Myocarditis on cardiac MR?

A

Epicardial enhancement

27
Q

PMF vs tumour on MRI?

A

If you see high T2 signal, strongly suspicious for malignancy

28
Q

Most common infections in 1st month and after post Tx?

A

Within 1st month: gram negative bacilli and fungal (candida)

After 1st month: CMV and PCP

29
Q

Which collagen vascular disorder causes bilateral lower lobe bronchiectasis?

A

Sjögren syndrome

30
Q

PIOPED criteria

A

Normal

Low, indeterminate and high probability

31
Q

CCAM best prognosis?

A

Type 1: good prognosis following resection

Type 2: associated anomalies

Type 3: pulmonary hypoplasia/ hydrops

32
Q

Extra-lobar PS

A

Manifests in neonates/ infants

Other anomalies in 65% (as opposed to intralobar)

33
Q

Name 2 features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

HMD with oxygen requirement after 4 weeks

Usually resolves by 2 years

34
Q

What acini are affected in the different types of emphysema?

A

Centrilobular: proximal acini (distal spared)

Panlobular: all components of acinus

Paraseptal: distal part of acinus

35
Q

Effect of alpha-1 AT deficiency in liver?

A

Normally produced by liver to counteract proteases

In A1AT deficiency, there is build-up of abnormal A1AT in liver causing hepatocyte damage and cirrhosis

Histology: PAS-positive cytoplasmic globules in periportal hepatocytes

36
Q

3 types of mesothelioma- does it contain asbestos bodies?

A

Epitheliod (60%): tubules and papillary projections, look like adenocarcinoma

Sarcomatoid (20%): spindle shaped cells like fibrosarcoma

Mixed (20%)

NO asbestos bodies within mesothelioma itself

37
Q

Epitheliod mesothelioma vs adenocarcinoma

A

Need electron microscopy

Mesothelioma: long microvilli

Adenocarcinoma: short microvilli

38
Q

What type of immune reaction is hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Type 3 (immune complex)

Type 4 (delayed)

Upper lobe predominance and smoking protective

39
Q

Alveolar exudate that stains positively with PAS

A

PAP

Also contains cholesterol clefts

40
Q

Most common haematogeneous site for lung cancer

A

Adrenals (50%)

41
Q

T staging for NSCLC

A

T1: less than 3 cm

T2: 3-7 cm or invades main bronchus (more than 2 cm from carina)

T3: more than 7 cm, chest wall/ pericardium or main bronchus (less than 2 cm from carina)

T4: invades great vessels, oesophagus or satellite nodules in different ipsilateral lobe

42
Q

Focus of secondary TB in the lung apex

A

Assmann focus

43
Q

Stages of lobar pneumonia

A

Congestion (2-6 hrs)

Red hepatisation (12 hrs): congested with RBCs and neutrophils

Grey hepatisation (1-10 days): fibrinosuppurative exudate

Resolution

44
Q

UIP vs NSIP on histology?

A

UIP temporal heterogeneity whereas NSIP homogeneous

45
Q

Not associated with PTx?

A

Klinefelter syndrome

Radiology (16 decks)

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