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Radiology > Chest Radiology > Flashcards

Chest Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Top 3 differentials for a thoracic inlet mass

A
  1. Thyroid mass (goitre, malignancy)
  2. Parathyroid mass (adenoma, hyperplasia, malignancy)
  3. Nodal mass (lymphoma, TB or infection, metastases)
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2
Q

Top 4 differentials for CT halo sign

A
  1. Invasive aspergillosis (immunocompromised)
  2. Haemorrhagic metastases
  3. Vasculitis
  4. Septic emboli
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3
Q

What is the most common viral pneumonia post transplant?

A

CMV

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4
Q

Dense pulmonary nodules and dense liver

A

Amiodarone toxicity

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5
Q

Unilateral small lung with air-trapping

A

Sawyer-James. Due to bronchiolitis obliterans in childhood

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6
Q

Hepatic complications of AAT deficiency

A

Liver cirrhosis and cholestasis

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7
Q

What is the most common hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Klebsiella pneumonia. Lobar consolidation with bulging fissures and may cavitate

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8
Q

What is the main cause and complication of PAP?

A

90% idiopathic (usually men in their 40’s who are smokers)

Most commonly complicated by fungal infection (Nocardia)

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9
Q

What causes Kaposi sarcoma and how does it present in the chest?

A

HHV 8

  1. Bilateral peribronchovascular nodules
  2. Lymphadenopathy
  3. Skin nodules/ thickening
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10
Q

How can nuclear medicine distinguish between Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma?

A

KS is negative on Gallium scan (as opposed to lymphoma and infection)

Both KS and lymphoma are positive on Thallium scan

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11
Q

Lung complication of a large thyroid goitre

A

Pulmonary oedema due to negative pressure

Need CPAP

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12
Q

What is saber sheath trachea?

A

Narrowing of the intrathoracic portion of the trachea. Seen in COPD

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13
Q

What factors suggest malignancy of AMM germ cell tumours

A

Solid appearance and male patient

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14
Q

Differentials for cavitating lung mass

A
  1. Abscess (TB, Fungal, Staph)
  2. SCC
  3. Pulmonary infarct
  4. Vasculitis- Wegener’s granulomatosis
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15
Q

Irregular lower zone cysts, pneumothorax and RCC

A

Birt-Hogg-Dube

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16
Q

Upper lobe bronchiectasis and bilateral centrilobular nodules

A

Young: CF
Old: MAC

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17
Q

CT chest of young woman: miliary pattern, dense nodules and black pleura

A

Alveolar microlithiasis (usually idiopathic). Pleura appears black due to white background.

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18
Q

Name 4 DDx for dilated oesophagus

A

Oesophageal ca

Achalasia

Scleroderma (look for pulmonary fibrosis)

Gastric pull-up (look for clips in mediastinum)

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19
Q

Name 4 benign causes of lobar collapse

A

Inhaled FB

Mucus plug

Endobronchial papillomatosis

Scarring/ stenosis from previous infection (TB)

20
Q

Which is cold on PET: scarring or sequestration?

A

Sequestration

21
Q

Which vessel needs to be flushed post IVC filter placement?

A

Left CIV to exclude double IVC

22
Q

What can be used to predict prognosis in PE?

A

RV:LV diameter ratio

23
Q

Bronchogenic vs oesophageal duplication cyst?

A

Oesophageal cyst thick-walled

24
Q

Which fibroid better treated by embolisation: submucosal or subserosal?

A

Submucosal- only gets blood supply from uterine artery

25
Lung changes with NF-1?
Lower zone fibrosis
26
Myocarditis on cardiac MR?
Epicardial enhancement
27
PMF vs tumour on MRI?
If you see high T2 signal, strongly suspicious for malignancy
28
Most common infections in 1st month and after post Tx?
Within 1st month: gram negative bacilli and fungal (candida) After 1st month: CMV and PCP
29
Which collagen vascular disorder causes bilateral lower lobe bronchiectasis?
Sjögren syndrome
30
PIOPED criteria
Normal Low, indeterminate and high probability
31
CCAM best prognosis?
Type 1: good prognosis following resection Type 2: associated anomalies Type 3: pulmonary hypoplasia/ hydrops
32
Extra-lobar PS
Manifests in neonates/ infants Other anomalies in 65% (as opposed to intralobar)
33
Name 2 features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
HMD with oxygen requirement after 4 weeks Usually resolves by 2 years
34
What acini are affected in the different types of emphysema?
Centrilobular: proximal acini (distal spared) Panlobular: all components of acinus Paraseptal: distal part of acinus
35
Effect of alpha-1 AT deficiency in liver?
Normally produced by liver to counteract proteases In A1AT deficiency, there is build-up of abnormal A1AT in liver causing hepatocyte damage and cirrhosis Histology: PAS-positive cytoplasmic globules in periportal hepatocytes
36
3 types of mesothelioma- does it contain asbestos bodies?
Epitheliod (60%): tubules and papillary projections, look like adenocarcinoma Sarcomatoid (20%): spindle shaped cells like fibrosarcoma Mixed (20%) NO asbestos bodies within mesothelioma itself
37
Epitheliod mesothelioma vs adenocarcinoma
Need electron microscopy Mesothelioma: long microvilli Adenocarcinoma: short microvilli
38
What type of immune reaction is hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
Type 3 (immune complex) Type 4 (delayed) Upper lobe predominance and smoking protective
39
Alveolar exudate that stains positively with PAS
PAP Also contains cholesterol clefts
40
Most common haematogeneous site for lung cancer
Adrenals (50%)
41
T staging for NSCLC
T1: less than 3 cm T2: 3-7 cm or invades main bronchus (more than 2 cm from carina) T3: more than 7 cm, chest wall/ pericardium or main bronchus (less than 2 cm from carina) T4: invades great vessels, oesophagus or satellite nodules in different ipsilateral lobe
42
Focus of secondary TB in the lung apex
Assmann focus
43
Stages of lobar pneumonia
Congestion (2-6 hrs) Red hepatisation (12 hrs): congested with RBCs and neutrophils Grey hepatisation (1-10 days): fibrinosuppurative exudate Resolution
44
UIP vs NSIP on histology?
UIP temporal heterogeneity whereas NSIP homogeneous
45
Not associated with PTx?
Klinefelter syndrome

Radiology (16 decks)

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