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term 4 > cvm > Flashcards

cvm Flashcards

1
Q

Early Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Organisms (less than 1 yr)

A

1 Staph epidermis (Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus )

#2 Staph aureus

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2
Q

Late Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Organisms - After 1 year of replacement

A

Staphylococcus spp.(epidermidis/ aurus)
*Streptococcus spp.(vidurians sanginis)
Enterococcus spp.
-potential fungi, parasites, intracellular bacteria

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3
Q

Native Valve endocarditis Organisms

A

*Staphylococcus spp. (epidermidis/ **aurus)
*Streptococcus spp. (vidrians/sangunis)
Enterococcus spp.
HACEK organisms(community acquired)
-potential fungi, parasites, intracellular bacteria

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4
Q

recent oral invasion procedure

A

strep vidrians

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5
Q

Optochin resistant

A

Viridans Streptococci
alpha hemolytic

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6
Q

most common cause of infective endocarditis due to strep

A

S. sanguinis
alpha hemolytic

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7
Q

primary etiological agent of dental caries
and dental plaques

A

S. mutans, S. Sanguinis
alpha hemolytic

AND HACKE -Haemophilus aphrophilus

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8
Q

novobiocin test

A

strep epideridis

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9
Q

Thickening or hardening of artery, loss of elasticity

A

Arteriosclerosis - umbrella term

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10
Q

calcification of tunica media of arteries

A

Monckeberg medial
calcific sclerosis (types of arteriosclerosis, not clinically singinifcant bc it doesnt spread to Intima)

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11
Q

Arteriosclerosis of the small arteries is due to what

A

Arteriolosclerosis due to hypertension

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12
Q

atheromas

A

Atherosclerosis, type of Arteriosclerosis

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13
Q

which vessels are most involved in artheromas

A
  • The lower abdominal aorta and iliac arteries
  • The coronary arteries
  • The popliteal arteries
  • The internal carotid arteries
  • The vessels of the circle of Willis
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14
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Strep. pyogenes (GAS)

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15
Q

GI procedure, colonoscopy, antibiotic resistance

A

Enterococcus (enteric microbiota)

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16
Q
  • most commonly isolated, and causes 85-90% of
    enterococcal infections
  • Particularly intensive care unit infections(highly resistant)
A

E. faecalis

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17
Q
  • Responsible for 5 -10% of enterococcal infections *Displays event higher levels of antibiotic resistance
A

E. faecium

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18
Q

HACEK

A
  • H aemophilus spp. #1
  • A ggregatibacter #2
    actinomycetemcomitans
  • C ardiobacterium hominis
  • E ikenella corrodens
  • K ingella kingae

all G-

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19
Q

Colonies with star shaped interior on solid media

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

G- bacilli

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20
Q

myocarditis differential diagnoisis

A

Acute Coronary Syndrome – ECG, cardiac biomarkers

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21
Q

microbial causes of myocarditis

A

*enterovirus(Coxsackievirus B) and other viruses are most common. bacteria is uncommon, parasites prominent in low income countries (Trypanosoma/Chagas, Toxoplasma)
Fungal, systemic mycoses: candida, aspergillus (immunocompromized)

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22
Q

microorganisms responsible for pericarditis

A

*Coxsackievirus A and B and other viruses. Sometime G+/- bacteria, not mycobacterium. Fungi in the immunocompromised(Blasto dermatitidis, Candida spp., Histoplasma capsulatum)

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23
Q

arterioles commonly effected in benign and malignant HTN

A

benign/chronic : hyaline artiolosclerosis-ischemic changes
malignant/sudden: hyperplastic- fibrioid necrosis

24
Q

thickened reduplicated basemement membrane and smooth muscle cell hyperplasia

A

hyperplasia arteriolosclerosis

will have a strong PAS stain, onion skin

25
Q

necrotizing arteriolitis

A

hyperplasia arteriolosclerosis

26
Q

kindey, brain, and retina damages from which type of arteriolosclerosis

A

kidney both (benign or malignant nephrosclerosis)

brain both (HTN intraparynchimal hemoraghes)

retina is just hyperplastic= cotton wool spots

27
Q

cystic medial degeneration

A

loss of structural integrity of arterial media causing aneurysm

28
Q

abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by

A

caused by atherosclerosis

29
Q

ascending aortic aneurysm caused by

A

caused by HTN

30
Q

ascending/thoracic aorta aortitis

A

syphillic aneurysm(tertiary stage)

31
Q

obliterative/ obstructive endarteritis of the vasa vasorum of the aorta

A

syphillic aneurysm

32
Q

treebank appearence

A

syphillic aneurysm
-from fibrosis of the vascular walls, seen form the inside tunica intima

33
Q

cystic medial degeneration

A

marfan syndrom

34
Q

marfan syndrom aneurysm location

A

located at ascending aorta and arch of aorta

35
Q

gene for fibrillin-1

A

marfan
required for normal elastic tissue development and irresistant to normal stress

36
Q

circle of willis

A

berry aneurysm (small saccular)

37
Q

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

A

berry aneurism

38
Q

pulsating hematoma

A

false aneurysm

39
Q

locations and features of the type A and type B aortic dissections

A

type A/ proximal is ascending aorta with high mortality and rapid tx. DOUBLE sided separation

type B/ distal is descending aorta distal to L subclavian artery. better prognosis. SINGLE sided separation

40
Q

chest pain that is beginning in the anterior chest and radiating to the back scapulae

A

aortic dissection

41
Q

pain moves downward

A

aortic dissection

42
Q

chest pain with absent peripheral pulse

A

aortic dissection

43
Q

double barrel aorta

A

aortic dissection

44
Q

block above the bundle of his

A

second degree block- mobitz type 1-Wencheback

45
Q

Progressive prolongation of the PR-interval
until a QRS is dropped

A

second degree block- mobitz type 1-Wencheback

46
Q

Increased PR interval

A

First Degree block

47
Q

sinus bradychardia

A

dec automaticity

48
Q

block below the bundle of his

A

Second Degree Block Mobitz Type II

49
Q

All-or-nothing conduction, in which QRS complexes are dropped without prolongation of the PR-interval

A

Second Degree Block Mobitz Type II

50
Q

Complete Heart Block with AV dissociation. Atria and ventricles are driven by independent pacemakers

A

Third Degree Block Complete AV-block

51
Q

atrial rate of atrial flutter and atrial fibrulation

A

flutter= 250-300
fib= 400+

ventriculat rate is normal ~75

52
Q

“Retrograde” p wave

A

Orthodromic AVRT

53
Q

allan test

A

Buergers disease

54
Q

pulseless disease

A

Takayasu Arteritis

also comes with vision problems and neurological sx

55
Q

hepatits B

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa

56
Q
A

term 4 (13 decks)

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