CVD: HTN And CAD

Question 1

CVD vs CAD (what are they)

Answer 1

CVD: term for all disease that affect the heart and blood vessels

CAD: heart condition in which plaque builds (fat and cholesterol) up in arteries, can lead to heart attack or ischemic stroke

Question 2

What are important components of the hx and chart review for CVD or CAD?

Answer 2

-chest pain, SOB, palpitations
-fatigue
-syncope and dizziness
-risk factors for CVD
-labs, ABGs, EKGs
-meds

Question 3

Examples of modifiable risk factors for CVD

Answer 3

-cholesterol level
-stress
-diabetes
-diet
-HTN
-weight
-activity level
-tobacco

Question 4

Examples of non-modifiable risk factors for CVD

Answer 4

-age: >65 men, >45 women
-fam hx: cardiac event 1st degree male relative <55, 1st degree female relative <65
-genetics
-gender: male > premenopausal female, after menopause risk is equal (protective estrogen layer)
-race: African American
-chronic kidney disease
-low socioeconomic status

Question 5

What are important characteristics of the exam?

Answer 5

-observation: posture, breathing, cough ability, skin
-vitals: pulse (rhythm and quality), BP, SpO2
-heart and lung sounds
-chest wall motion and palpation
-EKG
-circulation and lymphatic system

Question 6

What is another name for HTN? Why?

Answer 6

Silent killer b/c some people are unaware and it goes undx

Question 7

Is CVA a neuro or CV event?

Answer 7

CV

Question 8

What other organ affects the heart?

Answer 8

Kidneys

Question 9

What are the types of HTN? What are each associated with? What % is affected?

Answer 9

Primary/essential, associated w/ CV risk factors, most of pop (90-95%)

Secondary, results from ID-able disease process (kidney disease, endocrine disorder), small % of pop

Question 10

BP guidelines for adults

Answer 10

Normal: <120/<80 mmHg
Elevated: 120-129/<80 mmHg
Stage I: 130-139 or 80-89 mmHg
Stage 2: greater than or equal to 140 OR greater than or equal to 90 mmHg

Question 11

Risk factors for HTN? HTN associated with?

Answer 11

Stress, sleep apnea, use of birth control pills, moderate alcohol use

Increased CVD incidence, MI, angina, CVA, HF, PAD, AAA

Question 12

What is “white coat” HTN? When is it clinically significant?

Answer 12

Elevated BP while in office

When office readings are >20/10 mmHg higher than AmbulatoryBPM/HBPM

Question 13

What is masked HTN?

Answer 13

Office BP normal but ABPM/HBPM consistently above normal

Question 14

What does chronic HTN produce? What does it lead to?

Answer 14

Overload on L ventricle

Stiff L ventricle > heart failure w/ reduced ejection fraction

Question 15

What are ways to manage HTN?

Answer 15

-weight loss
-aerobic exercise
-limit Na and reduce alcohol
-stop smoking
-treat sleep apnea
-pharmacotherapy

Question 16

With direct access, what do PTs do w/ HTN pts?

Answer 16

-screen for risk factors
-Rx appropriate evidence based exercise
-educate pts on risk factor management and lifestyle changes