Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

536 > Cardiac Pathologies: -itises > Flashcards

Cardiac Pathologies: -itises Flashcards

1
Q

What is important to know from the hx exam?

A

chest pain, SOB, palpitations, fatigue, syncope, dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is important to know from the chart review?

A

lab values, ABGs (arterial blood gasses), meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some components of the examination?

A

vitals, pulses, posture, skin, chest wall motion, EKG, circulation and lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is pericarditis? Causes?

A

inflammation of the pericardium or pericardial fluid

infection, acute MI, TB, drug use, cancer, trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

S&S of acute pericarditis

A

-sharp/stabbing retrosternal chest pain (radiates to back and LT mid trap)
-fever and malaise
-pain w/ cough, deep breathing or in supine
-dyspnea (non-exertional)
-normal EKG
-auscultation > pericardial friction rub

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to dx pericarditis?

A

Labs - inflammatory markers
-sed rate
-C-reactive protein
-possible elevated troponins

echocardiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tx or management

A

antibiotics or pericardial drainage

self resolves 1-3 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is constrictive pericarditis?

A

chronic pericarditis or pericardial effusion which thickens and scars the pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

S&S of constrictive pericarditis

A

-dyspnea and fatigue from decreased CO
-LE and abdominal swelling
-dizziness or syncope
-vague retrosternal chest pain
-jugular venous distention**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dx tools for constrictive pericarditis

A

chest x-ray, echocardiograph, CT, cardiac catherization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is pericardial effusion?

A

overaccumulation of fluid in pericardial space, restricts heart pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is pericardial effusion dx? Tx?

A

-muffled heart and lung sounds
-dullness to percussion of L lung at scapula angle
-chest radiograph (enlarged cardiac silhouette)
-echocardiography

Tx: pericardiocentesis (pericardial draining)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is cardiac tamponade? How is it dx?

A

effusion exerts pressure on heart, impairing diastolic function

echocardiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cardiac tamponade tx

A

Drained with cardiac or pericardial window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

S&S of cardiac tamponade

A

decreased CO; dyspnea, fatigue, syncope, dizziness, cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is endocarditis? Causes?

A

infection of endocardium

bacteria or fungi (travels from other part of body), catheters, tattoos, IV drug abuse, rheumatic fever

17
Q

S&S of endocarditis

A

Flu like symptoms, pain w/ breathing, SOB, swelling, fever
-mitral valve regurgitation on auscultation

18
Q

How to dx endocarditis? Tx?

A

Dx: labs, EKG, echocardiogram/trans esophageal echocardiogram

Tx: high does long term IV abx, valve replacement

19
Q

Prevention of endocarditis

A

prophylactic abx before dental work, upper respiratory procedures, GI/GU procedures if infection present

20
Q

What is myocarditis? Causes?

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

infection, drug induced, streptococcal, rheumatic fever

21
Q

Untreated myocarditis can lead to? Why?

A

-heart failure > decreased pump function
-MI or CVA > poor pump action > pool of blood in ventricles > clots
-arrhythmias > electrical system affected since it’s in myocardium

22
Q

What are differentiating features of myocardial ischemia (angina)

A

-retrosternal radiating tightness
-lasts a few mins
-brought on by stress or exertion
-relieved with rest or nitroglycerin

23
Q

What are differentiating features of pericarditis

A

-sharp, pleuritic pain that varies w/ position or inspiration
-rub friction on auscultation
-lasts for hours-days

24
Q

What are differentiating features of GERD

A

-retrosternal burning caused by certain foods
-worse in supine
-exertion has no effect
-relieved by antacids

25
Q

What are differentiating features of peptic ulcer

A

-epigastric burning
-occurs after meals
-exertion has no effect
-relieved by antacids, not nitroglycerin

26
Q

What are differentiating features of esophageal spasm

A

-retrosternal pain w/ dysphagia
-caused by meals
-exertion no effect
-may be relieved by nitroglycerin

27
Q

What are differentiating features of biliary colic/gallbladder

A

-constant deep pain in URQ
-pain may radiate to mid back or R sh
-occurs after fatty food or alcohol consumption
-exertion no effect
-not relieved by antacids or nitro

28
Q

What are differentiating features of costochondral syndrome

A

-eternal pain worsen by chest mvmnt
-costochondral junctions TTP
-relieved by anti-flams, not nitros

29
Q

What are differentiating features of cervical radiculitis

A

-constant ache or shooting pain in sh
-myo/derm pattern
-neck mvmnts make it worse

30
Q

What are differentiating features of acute coronary syndrome

A

-radiating retrosternal pressure
-more severe and lasts longer than angina

31
Q

What are differentiating features of pericarditis

A

-sharp pleuritic pain that worsens w/ inspiration or in supine
-relieved by sitting fwd
-friction rub

32
Q

What are differentiating features of aortic dissection

A

-tearing/ripping pain that migrates over time to chest and back
-severe abdominal pain
-dyspnea
-possible assymetries of BP
-widened mediastinum on chest x-ray
-may mimic stroke

33
Q

What are differentiating features of pulmonary embolism

A

-localized pleuritic pain
-dyspnea
-pleural friction rub
-predisposing conditions/risk factors of DVT

34
Q

What are differentiating features of pneumonia

A

-pleuritic chest pain
-productive cough
-abnormal lung auscultation and percussion
-chest x-rays show infiltrate

35
Q

What are differentiating features of pneumothorax

A

-sudden sharp unilateral chest pain
-decreased breath sounds
-chest x-ray absence of pulmonary markings

36
Q

What are differentiating features of acute cholecystitis

A

-RUQ or epigastric pain
-nausea, vomiting
-fatty food intolerance or recent fatty meal

536 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions