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536 Body Systems > CV/Pulmonary Meds > Flashcards

CV/Pulmonary Meds Flashcards

1
Q

indications for anti angina medications

A

prevent angina attacks, acute angina, reduce demand/increase supply to myocardium

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2
Q

types of anti angina medication

A

calcium channel blockers
nitrates
beta blockers

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3
Q

effect of nitrates

A

anginal
dilate coronary arteries for vasodilation

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4
Q

effect of calcium channel blockers

A

anti angina (reduced frequency)
vasodilation (systemic)
reduce afterload/BP
decreases supraventricular arrhythmias

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5
Q

effect of beta blockers

A

anti angins
decrease myocardium’s O2 consumption
decrease HR

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6
Q

side effects of nitrates

A

dizziness
headaches
hypotension (OH)

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7
Q

side effects of calcium channel blockers

A

dizziness
OH
headache
fatigue
angina
bradycardia
palpitations
nausea
unique to ca channel blockers:
flushing
peripheral edema

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8
Q

side effects of beta blockers

A

bradycardia
peripheral vasoconstriciton
fatigue
weakness
drowsiness
impotence
insomnia
depression (memory loss, nightmares)
bronchospasm
lethargy

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9
Q

precautions for anti anginal medication use

A

OH
shouldn’t be combined with viagra
precaution for severe low BP
may cause hypotension when combined with antihypertensives or alcohol

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10
Q

indications for beta blockers

A

HTN
angina
post MI/CABG to decrease morbidity/mortality due to decreased work load

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11
Q

effects of beta blockers

A

lower HR
lower systolic BP
decrease contractility
decrease ventricular remodeling

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12
Q

contraindications and interactions with beta blockers

A

caution with renal impairment
caution with pulmonary dysfunction
caution with diabetes - can cause hypoglycemia
contraindication in uncompensated heart failure/pulmonary edema/cardiogenic shock/heart block
caution with OH

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13
Q

Patient is taking beta blockers but forgets their medications one day. What would be the physiological effects you might see?
* A. higher resting HR, lower BP
* B. increased SOB, lower BP, shakiness
* C. Palpitations, lower resting HR
* D. Higher resting heart rate, increased BP

A

D

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14
Q

What are concerns with individuals who have diabetes and are taking beta blockers?
* A. insulin does not work as well when taking beta blockers…may need to increase dosage
* B. symptoms of hypoglycemia are blocked by beta blockers
* C. Patients may develop tremors and palpitations when they are hypoglycemic on beta blockers
* D. Individuals will have increased risk of hypotension

A

B

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15
Q

suffix for calcium channel blockers

A

-pine

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16
Q

indications for ca channel blockers

A

HTN
angina
vasospasm

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17
Q

contraindications/interactions w ca channel blockers

A

hypotension and bradycardia BP <90
contraindicated w 2nd or 3rd degree heart block
precaution with severe hepatic impairment, aortic stenosis, hx of CHF, or children

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18
Q

ACE inhibitors indications

A

HTN
CHF
post MI
left ventricular dysfunction
decrease diabetic nephropathy progression
prevent migraines

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19
Q

effects of ACE inhibitors

A

blocks conversion of angiotensin I to II
reduce vasoconstriction
results in vasodilation
lower BP by decreasing afterload
decrease CHF risk and MI survival
prevent L ventricle dilation post MI
decrease diabetic nephropathy progression

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20
Q

side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

vasodilation –> hypotension
cough

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21
Q

ACE inhibitor suffix

A

-pril

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22
Q

ARB suffix

A

-sartan

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23
Q

Patient is sitting over the edge of the bed and complains of dizziness with a change in systolic BP of 25 mm Hg (decrease) and a rise in HR. What medications might be causing this?
* A. Nonspecific beta blockers
* B. Beta 1 specific Blockers
* C. Calcium channel blockers
* D. Anticoagulants

A

C

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24
Q

indications for diuretics

A

HTN
edema from CHF

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25
Q

effects of diuretics

A

excrete H2O, electrolytes
effect renal system

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26
Q

side effects of diuretics

A

hypokalemia
hyperuricemia
dehydration
dizziness
lethargy
weakness
decreased BP
anorexia/cramping
hyponatremia
muscle cramps

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27
Q

contraindications for diuretics

A

caution with liver and kidney disease

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28
Q

diuretics suffixes

A

-ides
-ones

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29
Q

What is the triple cocktail of medications for heart failure?
* A. Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics
* B. Calcium channel blockers, diuretics, cardiac glycosides
* C. ACE inhibitors, nitrates, diuretics
* D. Beta Blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics

A

D
beta blockers
ace inhibitors
diuretics

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30
Q

entresto

A

valsartan (ARB) and salubitril to prevent CV death

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31
Q

side effects of entresto

A

hypotension
hyperkalemia
renal impairment

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32
Q

cardio glycosides

A

less commonly used
digoxin, lanoxin

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33
Q

cardio glycosides indications

A

CHF
tachyarrhythmias
a fib
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

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34
Q

effects of cardioglycosides

A

increase contractility
prolong refractory period of AV, decreasing conduction
this increases filling and contractility by Starling law, increase CO

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35
Q

side effects of cardio glycosides

A

fatigue
bradycardia
nausea
arrhythmia
anorexia
from toxicity

36
Q

precautions/contraindications of cardio glycosides

A

uncontrolled arrhythmia
AV block
hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
constrictive pericarditis
alc intolerance
electrolyte imbalance
renal impairment
obese patients

37
Q

positive inotrope meds

A

dobutamine
dopamine
amrinone
milrinone

38
Q

vasopressors

A

dopamine
dobutamine
norepinephrine
epinephrine
isoproterenol
phenylephrine

39
Q

side effects of vasopressors

A

vasoconstriction
bradycardia
arrhythmia
headache
anxiety
plasma volume depleted

40
Q

use of vasopressors

A

bolster BP

41
Q

narcan

A

antidote to narcotics

42
Q

side effects of narcan

A

change in mood
increased sweating
nausea
nervousness
restlessness
trembling
vomiting

43
Q

indications of thrombolytics

A

manage MI - coronary artery thrombosis
PE
DVT
acute ischemic stroke

44
Q

effects of thrombolytics

A

convert plasminogen to plasmin then degrades fibrin in clots

45
Q

contraindications/precautions to thrombolytics

A

recent major surgery/trauma/bleeding
severe hepatic/renal disease
pericarditis/bactieral endocarditis
interactions with aspirin, NSAIDs, warfarin, heparin

46
Q

clot buster suffix

A

-ase
tPA

47
Q

other types of thrombolytics

A

warfarin: vitamin K antagonist
fondaparinux: factor Xa inhibitor
Argatroban: thrombin inhibitor
LMWH
heparin: used when pt has renal dysfunction
plavix
eptifibatide
tirofiban
abciximab

48
Q

pradaxa

A

new drug for a fib
anticoagulant to reduce clots

49
Q

xarelto

A

oral selective factor Xa inhibitor

blood thinner

50
Q

pulmonary meds: new

A

vasodilators

51
Q

When treating patients who are on Heparin there are two things to consider:
* A .They are at an increased risk for bleeding, and they probably have kidney dysfunction OR mechanical valve or device
* B. They are at an increased risk for bleeding , and they probably are lower socioeconomic status or they would be using NOACs
* C. They are at an increased risk for bleeding, and they probably are restricted to bedrest
* D. they are NOT at an increased risk for bleeding, but they probably have kidney dysfunction OR mechanical valve or device

A

A?

52
Q

cholesterol lowering drugs indications

A

reduce blood lipids

53
Q

effects of cholesterol lowering medications

A

inhibit enzyme in cholesterol synthesis
bind cholesterol in GI tract

54
Q

toxicity of lipid lowering meds

A

myopathy
muscle pain
cramping

55
Q

alternatives to statins

A

praluent
repatha

56
Q

meds for a heart transplant

A

immunosuppression to avoid rejection
antimetabolites
antiproliferatives
steroids

57
Q

complications with heart transplant

A

many have renal damage
cancer
HTN
high cholesterol

58
Q

antimetabolites meds

A

prevent immune cells from reproducing to reject new heart

59
Q

antiproliferatives meds

A

for transplant
inhibit expansion of cell lines modulating organ rejection
includes cyclosporine and tacrolimus

60
Q

steroids for heart transplant

A

nonspecific prevention of cell line expansion of lines modulating organ rejeciton
includes prednisone

61
Q

anti arrhythmia medications: beta blockers effect

A

decrease SNS excitatory signals, block NE and epi from reaching heart
decrease automaticity and prolong refractory period

62
Q

anti arrhythmia drugs: potassium channel blockers effects

A

prolong refractory period, inhibit K+. efflux in repolarization

63
Q

general side effects of anti arrhythmic drugs

A

dry mouth, throat, diarrhea, loss of appetite

64
Q

class I anti arrhythmic drugs

A

fast sodium channel blockers

65
Q

diabetes is managed by which drugs?

A

insulin: soluble human insulin, rapid acting insulin, intermediate human isophane, long acting basal analogues
oral meds: for type 2, include metformin, etc

66
Q

bronchodilators include what meds?

A

adrenergic agonists
sympathetic stimulators
anticholinergics
corticosteroids
theophyllines

67
Q

what receptors do bronchodilators act on?

A

alpha, beta 1 and 2 receptors

68
Q

side effects of bronchodilators

A

palpitations
headache
dizziness
nausea
inotropic

69
Q

SABA effect

A

short acting bronchodilators
3-5 min to act, lasts 4-6 hours
quick relief

70
Q

LABA

A

long acting bronchodilator
takes 5-20 min to act, lasts up to 12 hours
used as maintenance drugs

71
Q

anticholinergics indications as bronchodilators

A

for COPD and asthma

72
Q

side effects of anticholinergics

A

dry mouth
dizziness
tachycardia
delirium
blurred vision

73
Q

corticosteroid uses as bronchodilators

A

supplementary for long term asthma treatment as immunosuppressant/anti inflammatory

74
Q

side effects of corticosteroids

A

immunosuppression
insomnia
emotional lability
osteoporosis
muscle weakness
atrophy
connective tissue breakdown
shifting of fats

75
Q

theophylline indications

A

COPD
anti inflammatory

76
Q

decongestants side effects

A

headache
dizziness
nervousness
palpitations
can raise BP (pseudoephedrine)

77
Q

antihistamine effects

A

decrease mucosal congestion from allergies
2nd line drug for asthma

78
Q

side effects of antihistamines

A

sedation, dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, loss of coordination

79
Q

antitussives use

A

block non productive cough by inhibiting cough receptors to reduce threshold in medulla

80
Q

mucolytics

A

ancillary pulmonary drugs
mobilize and thin secretions with minimal side effects

81
Q

ancillary pulmonary medications

A

mucolytics
anti microbials

82
Q

precautions of beta blockers with respiratory issues

A

beta blockers can cause bronchoconstriction

83
Q

precautions of amiodarone w respiratory issues

A

amiodarone can cause pulmonary toxicity
- grapefruit, myocin antibiotics, coumadin, statins, and digoxin interact with it

84
Q

other meds interfering with respiratory issues

A

blood thinners
digoxin
ACE inhibitors/ARBs
atorvastatin
St. John’s wort
ca channel blockers

85
Q

hypoglycemia symptoms

A

fast heartbeat
shaking
sweating
anxiety
confusion
dizziness
hunger

86
Q

causes of hypoglycermia

A

excess insulin
not enough carbs
too much exercise
injecting insulin into muscle/exercising muscle

536 Body Systems (13 decks)

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